Long term changes in the eutrophication process in a shallow Mediterranean lake ecosystem of W. Greece: response after the reduction of external load

Lake Pamvotis is a shallow Mediterranean lake located in Western Greece near the city of Ioannina. The lake has been recognized as an internationally important conservation site under European Community legislation due to its rich biodiversity. However, during the last three decades the trophic status of the lake has changed as a result of anthropogenic activity (among others irrigation and domestic sewage discharge), resulting in serious problems. Here we present data about the long-term development in eutrophication of Lake Pamvotis. Water samples were collected and analyzed (water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, chlorophyll-a) during three monitoring periods: 1985-1989, 1998-1999, 2004-2005. The high nutrient concentrations in the lake water during the three monitoring periods, as well as its eutrophic to hypertrophic status reflect the degree of impact anthropogenic activity has had on the lake. Commencement of a restoration plan in 1995-1996, involving sewage diversion, led to a reduction in external nutrient load and consequently to lower in-lake nutrients and Chlorophyll-a concentrations. Orthophosphate concentration decreased by about 87%, nitrates fell below 1.20mg/l, whilst the total reduction of inorganic N compounds showed a weaker downward trend, fluctuating between 0.39 and 1.24mg N/l with an average value of 0.76mg N/l. However, after a short-term recovery the eutrophic status of the lake remains eight years later (2004-2005), suggesting the importance of the internal loading process and the absence of the top-down effect of fish. This study provides evidence for the need of greater restoration efforts utilized in Mediterranean shallow lakes.     

Information Management System for Site Remediation Efforts

/ Environmental regulatory agencies are responsible for protecting human health and the environment in their constituencies. Their responsibilities include the identification, evaluation, and cleanup of contaminated sites. Leaking underground storage tanks (USTs) constitute a major source of subsurface and groundwater contamination. A significant portion of a regulatory body's efforts may be directed toward the management of UST-contaminated sites. In order to manage remedial sites effectively, vast quantities of information must be maintained, including analytical dataon chemical contaminants, remedial design features, and performance details. Currently, most regulatory agencies maintain such information manually. This makes it difficult to manage the data effectively. Some agencies have introduced automated record-keeping systems. However, the ad hoc approach in these endeavors makes it difficult to efficiently analyze, disseminate, and utilize the data. This paper identifies the information requirements for UST-contaminated site management at the Waste Cleanup Section of the Department of Environmental Resources Management in Dade County, Florida. It presents a viable design for an information management system to meet these requirements. The proposed solution is based on a back-end relational database management system with relevant tools for sophisticated data analysis and data mining. The database is designed with all tables in the third normal form to ensure data integrity, flexible access, and efficient query processing. In addition to all standard reports required by the agency, the system provides answers to ad hoc queries that are typically difficult to answer under the existing system. The database also serves as a repository of information for a decision support system to aid engineering design and risk analysis. The system may be integrated with a geographic information system for effective presentation and dissemination of spatial data.     

浮顶储罐弹簧式机械密封装置雷击危险性分析

针对大型浮顶储罐经常采用的弹性机械密封装置进行雷击危险性的理论分析和实验验证,明确此类弹性机械密封在雷击发生时存在的安全隐患,提出了建议措施,为大型浮顶储罐防雷击安全运行提供指导意义.     

北京城市典型下垫面降雨径流污染初始冲刷效应分析

城市硬化地表的迅速增加使得降雨径流量增加,屋面和路面等下垫面上污染物的大量累积并随径流进入城市排水系统,对城市水环境造成威胁.为了解径流污染过程和给径流污染控制提供科学依据,于2004～2006年选取典型屋面和路面对径流污染过程进行了监测和分析,计算了两种径流的次降雨平均浓度(EMC)水平,发现两类径流的COD和TN污染较为严重;屋面径流的化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)分别超标(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002 V类)3.64和4.80倍;路面径流的COD、TN分别超标3.73和1.07倍.利用M(V)曲线,判断径流量同径流污染负荷的关系,发现屋面径流污染物总悬浮颗粒物(TSS)、COD、TN和总磷(TP)发生了不同程度的初始冲刷现象;路面初始冲刷现象主要表现为TSS和TP,总体上初始冲刷效应不明显.汇水面性质、降雨强度、污染物累积状况等都是影响屋面和路面径流污染物排放特征的重要影响因素.     

生物膜生态浮床对城市尾水净化特征分析

为探究生物膜对城市尾水的净化特征,通过采用联合生物膜生态浮床技术,考察生物膜长度、水力停留时间(HRT)及生物膜覆盖面积对含氮尾水的净化特征.结果表明,生物膜为1/2水深长度时,NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N和TN的去除率分别可达到90. 82%、62. 7%和81. 96%,氮去除率较高,而生物膜长度为整个河道水深时,NH₄⁺-N的去除率最高只有22. 07%,NO₃^--N和TN的浓度变化不明显.在HRT为6 d时,NH₄⁺-N和TN的去除率最高分别可达到82. 01%和62. 88%,最低分别为55. 24%和46. 82%;当HRT为12 d时,NH₄⁺-N和TN的去除率最高分别可达81. 4%和79. 93%,但最低分别达到了8. 73%和17. 23%,对比发现,HRT为6 d时氮的去除效率较高且稳定.在生物膜覆盖面积为...     

地基沉降对石油储罐象足屈曲的影响

为优化大型石油储罐的抗震设计,针对大型非锚固外浮顶储罐,综合考虑地基、非锚固罐底、变壁厚、抗风圈等几何结构和材料特性等因素,采用有限元分析(FEA)法构建储罐全模型,分析地基沉降对罐壁象足屈曲临界载荷的影响;基于Fourier变换,通过若干阶谐波组合的形式模拟储罐地基沉降,分析地基谐波沉降前后储罐的径向变形、屈曲模态与屈曲强度,探明储罐地基单次谐波沉降的谐波次数、谐波幅值、谐波的波峰与波谷对象足屈曲临界载荷的影响。结果表明:地基谐波沉降在不同程度上降低了油罐的象足屈曲临界载荷。储罐象足屈曲临界压应力随地基谐波沉降幅值的增大而减小;相同沉降量下,随着谐波次数的增大,储罐抗屈曲的能力越来越弱。     

外浮顶罐充氮管网设计及有效性试验验证

为了预防外浮顶罐密封圈雷击火灾,提出在密封圈内充入氮气的保护方法.将安全含氧量作为充氮的惰化目标,对外浮顶罐充氮管网进行设计,并通过试验来验证充氮管网的有效性.试验得到了充氮流量、进出气孔数量及管径与有效充氮时间的关系.若以142 m3/h的流量对容量为10×104 m3的外浮顶罐密封圈内充氮,则46.5 min内可以达到充氮惰化目标.雷电预警时间为60 ～ 90 min的条件下,充氮时间小于预警时间,表明所设计的管网是有效的.     

矿山顶板分级管理方法初探

提出了金属矿山顶板分级管理的2种基本方法,就如何建立与完善矿山顶板分级管理制度提出了一些有益建议.     

贮罐类重大危险源三维风险分级模型研究

为了实现重大危险源分级监管,基于风险管理理论,建立贮罐类重大危险源定性三维分级模型和风险定量分级模型。提出风险评价敏感性因素,选取可能性影响因素、严重性影响因素、敏感性影响因素3类风险评价指标。使用层次分析法(AHP)计算贮罐风险分级指标权重。根据风险可接受准则,将贮罐类重大危险源风险等级划分为4级,实现基于三维风险模型的贮罐类重大危险源快速分级。结果表明:用贮罐类重大危险源三维风险分级模型,通过简单数学模型计算贮罐风险值,能为企业提供风险分级标准,有助于实现政府对贮罐类重大危险源分级监管。     

超前支架迈步过程稳定控制方法研究

为提高巷道超前支架迈步前移过程的稳定性和安全性,建立一种基于液压油液体积平均释放原则的迈步稳定控制方法。用软件仿真及样机实测的方法,检验所提出控制方法的控制效果。结果表明,与传统的直线、对数曲线、指数曲线的阀芯位移控制方法相比,应用所建立的方法,设备迈步过程支撑力波动最小,稳定过程耗时最短,为2.2 s,顶板变形量最小,最大值约为4.74 mm。而采用对数曲线控制方式效果最差,稳定过程耗时3.8 s,顶板变形量最大值达到9.48 mm。