基于复杂系统建模的水管理政策研究进展

基于Agent的建模方法（ABSS）通过自下而上的方式，考察系统中主体的不同状态和行为特征、主体与环境的作用、主体之间的作用，来表征系统的宏观特征，是进行复杂社会环境系统分析和政策研究的重要手段，在水资源、水环境管理系统中得到了有效的应用。本文在大量文献调研的基础上，讨论了ABSS建模方法的基本原理、主要特征、系统构成、分类方法和开发工具等特征，总结了其供水系统发展、水资源分配和流域水资源管理、农业土地和水资源利用、居民用水行为、农业污染控制及人类活动的水环境影响等方面的应用，分析了其在研究内容、研究方法、研究结果等方面的发展趋势，讨论了利用该方法研究我国水资源管理和水污染控制政策的必要性和重要性。     

中国可持续发展综合评价研究

可持续发展作为一个动态、开放的复杂巨系统。人口、资源、经济、环境和科技构成了其关键要素。本文基于PREEST系统模型。首先提出了一套中国可持续发展综合评价指标体系：同时。借助于主成分分析法和隶属度分析法。就中国1987～2001年度的综合发展指数与协调发展指数进行了实证分析；最后。基于研究成果。对中国未来的可持续发展提出了若干政策建议。     

Prenatal diagnosis of femur-fibula-ulna complex by ultrasonography in a male fetus at 24 weeks of gestation

We present a case of ultrasonographic prenatal diagnosis at 24 weeks of femur—fibula—ulna (FFU) complex. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an early prenatal diagnosis of FFU.     

旅游目的地网络空间结构及其复杂性研究——野三坡旅游地案例实证

复杂性是旅游目的地网络化发展的必然趋势,是认识旅游地网络空间结构与组织特征的重要研究手段。论文以河北省野三坡旅游地为例,通过构建旅游联系强度模型,建立旅游地空间网络,并运用TOP网络空间分析以及复杂网络理论,揭示旅游地网络空间结构与组织的复杂性特征。研究发现：1）旅游地网络具有空间集聚性,形成了以核心景区为中心,由中心城镇、乡村社区和特色园区共同构成的空间集聚单元,并体现出“邻近连接”与“择优连接”的双重特性;2）旅游地网络服从幂律分布,具有无标度网络特性;3）每个节点的前三名和前五名旅游联系强度网络（Top3和Top5网络）具有较小的平均路径长度、较大的集聚系数,呈现出典型的“小世界网络”特征;4）旅游地网络是典型的异配型网络,度-度呈负相关,而网络节点的集聚系数与其度值之间存在近似的倒数关系,因此具有层次性。     

Ecotoxicity evaluation of Cu- and Fe-CNT complexes based on the activity of bacterial bioluminescence and seed germination

The toxic effects of the composites of Fe~0 and Cu~0 with different percentages of CNTs were examined based on the activity of bacterial bioluminescence and seed germination. In terms of the EC_50 values, the toxic effects of Cu~0 on bacterial bioluminescence and seed germination were approximately 2 and 180 times greater than that of Fe~0, respectively. The toxicity increased with increasing CNT content in the Cu-CNT mixtures for both organisms,whereas opposite results were observed with Fe-CNT mixtures. The mean toxic effects of Cu-CNT(6%) were approximately 1.3–1.4 times greater than that of Cu-CNT(0%), whereas the toxic effects of Fe-CNT(6%) were approximately 2.1–2.5 times lower than that of Fe-CNT(0%) for both the bioluminescence activity and seed germination. The causes of this phenomenon are unclear at this point. More research will be needed to elucidate the mechanism of the toxicity of nano-mixture materials and the causes of the different patterns of toxicity with Cu-and Fe-CNT mixtures.     

铜合金实验室试验与实海挂片结果的比较与分析

目的比较实验室试验结果与实海挂片结果对B10和H62两种铜合金腐蚀性能评价的异同之处。方法采用线性极化、电化学阻抗、显微形貌观察等,比较两种铜合金在实验室模拟海水中的的腐蚀速率、点蚀倾向,结合反应机理、腐蚀形貌、环境等外部因素,分析导致实验室与实海环境下出现差异的原因。结果除榆林海域外,实海挂片与实验室结果都表明,B10试样的平均腐蚀速率小于H62。B10和H62两种铜合金随温度升高腐蚀速率增大,在实验室和实海情况下表现出一致性,且平均腐蚀速率都随浸泡时间的延长而降低。结论在实海环境中,温度不是影响点蚀的主要因素,微生物等其他环境因素会对点蚀产生较大影响。     

一种硫离子响应杀菌材料的制备及应用研究

目的制备硫离子响应杀菌材料,研究它在不同浓度铜离子条件下的封装效果,以及在不同浓度硫离子条件下的释放行为。方法选择埃洛石纳米管为载体并用透射电镜进行表征、采用真空负载的方式,将甲硝唑和苯骈三氮唑(BTA)分步填充到埃洛石纳米管内部,使用紫外分光光度法测试不同浓度铜离子对纳米管中甲硝唑的封堵效果,以及材料在不同浓度硫离子条件下的释放情况。结果实验中通过调整铜离子浓度发现,铜离子浓度越大对甲硝唑的封堵效果越好,当铜离子浓度达到160 mmol/L时,对甲硝唑的封堵效果最好。杀菌材料在外界硫离子达到0.1mmol/L后,甲硝唑的释放浓度迅速提高,进一步提高硫离子浓度,释放情况改变不明显。结论铜离子浓度达到160 mmol/L时,材料的封装效果是最好的。材料能够对硫离子实现响应释放,且对应的临界浓度为0.1 mmol/L。     

The distribution of molybdenum in the tissues of wild ducks

The Mo contents and the relations between Mo and Cu or Crcontents were investigated in the organs of Japanese wild ducks(spotbill duck, pintail, wigeon, scaup and tufted duck). Thehighest Mo content in kidney and liver of the dabbling duckswere more than 30 g g^-1 dry weight (g g^-1 d.wt.), though that of diving ducks were less than 11 gg^-1 d. wt. The contents were lower in the ducks migratingwithin Japan, Eurasia and North America than those in the birdsmigrating between Japan and Eurasia. The contents of liver inall species were more than 50 and less than 5 g g^-1 d.wt. for Cu and Cr, respectively. Significant correlations werefound between Mo and both elements in pintail and scaup, and Moand Cr in tufted duck. These results suggest that thecontamination of wild ducks reflects the reproductive area, andnot the collected area. Mo contents closely correlated with theCu and/or Cr contaminations.     

Application of CFD Methods for Modelling in Air Pollution Problems: Possibilities and Gaps

Different urban air pollution problems deal with complex structure of air flows and turbulence. For such problems the Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods become widely used. However, this approach despite a number of advantages has some problems. Experience of use of CFD tools for development of models and suggestions of their applications for a local scale air pollution over a complex terrain and stable stratification are discussed in this paper, including: Topography and complex geometry: choose of the co-ordinate system and computer grid; Turbulence closure for air pollution modelling: modified k- model for stable stratified ABL; Boundary conditions for vertical profiles of velocity for stable-stratified atmosphere; Effects of the radiation and thermal budget of inclined surfaces to dispersion of pollutants; Artificial sources of air dynamics and circulation.Some examples of CFD applications for air pollution modelling for a flat terrain, mountainous area, mining open cast and indoor ventilation are discussed. Modified k- model for stably-stratified ABL is suggested. Due to the isotropic character of the k- model a combination of it in vertical with the sub-grid turbulence closure in horizontal can be more suitable for ABL. An effective scheme of boundary conditions for velocity profiles, based on the developed similarity theory for stable-stratified ABL, is suggested. Alongside with the common studies of atmospheric dispersion, the CFD methods have also demonstrated a good potential for studying anthropogenic and artificial-ventilation sources of air dynamic and circulation in local-scale processes of air pollution.     

安徽月山地区成岩-成矿作用关系研究

安徽月山地区的成岩-成矿作用在长江中下游地区具一定的典型性。本文论述了月山地区成岩-成矿的时空关系，探讨了岩浆岩及岩浆演化的成矿作用显示，并从成矿地球化学角度深入研究了闪长质岩浆（岩）对两类铜矿床成矿物质来源的贡献，从而确定了月山地区成岩-成矿作用的内在联系，评价了岩浆岩体的成矿潜力。