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791.
ANU A. GOKHALE 《Environmental management》2001,28(2):187-193
India is fast finding its place in the industrialized world and that is beginning to raise its environmental consciousness.
The Delphi technique was used to prioritize specific needs and articulate a sustainable urban improvement strategy for the
city of Mumbai (formerly Bombay). The Delphi technique is a means of achieving consensual validity among raters by providing
them feedback regarding other raters' responses. Mumbai has several indigenous environmental groups that were tapped for activists
and leaders; the study was conducted using ten environmentalists. In the initial phases the responses resulted in a range
of possible program alternatives. The last two stages helped to seek out information that generated a consensus on the part
of the respondent group. Statistical analysis methods included a hierarchical cluster analysis, mean, median, mode, and percent
of agreement calculations using SPSS software. The face-to-face discussion in phase 4 clarified some issues and helped the
group as a whole to outline the strategy for putting in place the essential elements of a framework to improve the quality
of life in an urban environment. 相似文献
792.
KATHLEEN E. HALVORSEN 《Environmental management》2001,28(2):179-186
Public participatory techniques have been the focus of a large and growing body of environmental literature. There is some
consensus among those who study these techniques that there is a need to develop and implement new techniques that meet certain
criteria. These include that the techniques be comfortable, convenient, and satisfying to participants. Authors have also
frequently called for the use of deliberative techniques, which allow participants to express and listen to a variety of perspectives
regarding the issue at hand. However, the literature on public participation lacks a set of widely applicable evaluation methods
to determine whether participants in techniques find them comfortable, convenient, satisfying, or deliberative. This paper
reports on the implementation of two different techniques that participants scored fairly high on all of these factors, as
well as the scale-based survey questions developed to measure these factors. 相似文献
793.
Integrating Nonindigenous Aquatic Plant Control with Protection of Snail Kite Nests in Florida 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The endangered snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis) feeds primarily on the freshwater apple snail (Pomacea paludosa) in Florida. The nonindigenous, floating water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) impede kites from finding snails. Effective control of these aquatic plants in the littoral zone of central and south Florida
lakes benefits kites by maintaining open foraging habitat. However, incidental herbicide spraying of nesting substrates result
in nest collapse when kites breed in nonwoody, emergent plants [cattail (Typha spp.) and giant bulrush (Scirpus validus)] in the outer littoral zone during lower lake levels. Many endangered species recovery plans and their implementation have
experienced problems due to inaction and/or noncooperation by various governmental agencies and their personnel. Herein, we
describe the development and implementation of a buffer zone strategy to prevent secondary impacts from an aquatic plant control
program to snail kites nesting on lakes in central and south Florida. A strategy was jointly developed by personnel of five
state and federal agencies to control herbicide application near kite nesting areas during the normal breeding season. Although
requiring various modifications during its implementation, this cooperative effort successfully integrated aquatic plant control
objectives with snail kite conservation on Lake Okeechobee during 1988. The program was expanded the following year to lakes
Kissimmee and Tohopekaliga. Since the implementation of the snail kite impact preclusion program, no nest loss was attributed
to incidental herbicide applications on lakes Okeechobee, Kissimmee, and Tohopekaliga. 相似文献
794.
795.
Significant annual variations in population size of most species were evident with greater abundance of most species in wet
years. Habitat variables, particularly vegetation structure, were also an important determinant of the abundance of most bird
species and tended to mask the impacts of the land use under investigation. Several bird species had benefited from the provision
of permanent water at mining and pastoral sites. Other species utilized increased nesting or feeding opportunities associated
with the mining operation and increased food supply at the pastoral sites. Crested bellbirds and mixed-feeding flocks of small
insectivorous birds were apparently disadvantaged by mining and hence may be useful bioindicators of mining impacts. No bird
species or community parameters were identified which could serve as useful early warning bioindicators of pastoral impacts. 相似文献
796.
797.
798.
Prakash Basnyat Lawrence Teeter B. Graeme Lockaby Kathryn M. Flynn 《Environmental management》2000,26(2):153-161
In this study, water quality and basin characteristics data from different basins of the Fish River basin, Baldwin County,
Alabama, were used to develop a valuation model. This valuation model is based on the effectiveness of “contributing zones”
identified and delineated using methods described by Basnyat and others (Environmental Management]1999] 23(4):539–549). The “contributing zone” delineation model suggests that depending on soil permeability, soil moisture,
depth to water table, slope, and vegetation, buffer widths varying from 16 m to 104 m must be maintained to assimilate or
detain more than 90% of the nitrate passing through the buffers. The economic model suggests the value of retiring lands (to
create the buffers) varies from $0 to $3067 per ha, depending on the types of crops currently grown. The total value of retiring
all areas identified by the contributing zone model is $1,125,639 for the study area. This land value will then form the basis
for estimates of the costs of land management options for improving (or maintaining) water quality throughout the study area. 相似文献
799.
Reestablishing Naturally Functioning Dunes on Developed Coasts 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Common beach management practices reduce the ecological values of coastal dunes. Mechanical beach cleaning eliminates incipient
dunes, habitat for nesting birds, seed sources for pioneer dune colonizers and food for fauna, and artificially small, stabilized
foredunes reduce the variability in microenvironments necessary for biodiversity. Recent initiatives for reducing coastal
hazards, protecting nesting birds, and encouraging nature-based tourism provide incentive for the development of a restoration
program for beaches and dunes that is compatible with human use. Suggested changes in management practice include restricting
or rerouting pedestrian traffic, altering beach-cleaning procedures, using symbolic fences to allow for aeolian transport
while preventing trampling of dunes, and eliminating or severely restricting exotic species. Landforms will be more natural
in function and appearance but will be more dynamic, smaller and in a different position from those in natural areas. Research
needs are specified for ecological, geomorphological, and attitudinal studies to support and inform restoration planning. 相似文献
800.