模糊评判在岩质边坡稳定性评价中的应用

在工程实践中,影响岩质边坡稳定性的因素众多,不同因素的影响程度不相同,具有不确定性,因此选择合适的方法对岩质边坡稳定性进行评价尤为关键。本文采用模糊综合评判方法对岩质边坡进行稳定性评价,首先阐明了如何建立模糊评判体系以及权重和隶属度的确定方法,然后以某岩质边坡为实例,采用模糊评判方法对其稳定性进行了评价,结果表明模糊评判的结果与实际情况较为吻合,说明该方法真实、有效,具有一定的借鉴意义。     

谈企业施工安全培训的有效途径

0 引言 　　近年来,随着建筑市场的好转,基建行业出现了前所未有的机遇,然而更多的安全事故及安全隐患也日益增多,根据统计资料表明:除不可抗力因素之外,施工企业安全事故往往是由人的不安全行为及物的不安全状态决定的.但物的不安全状态需要依靠人来辨识和掌控.只有加强人的安全行为,才能有效地减少安全事故发生的概率.安全教育培训工作是加强人安全行为的有效途径,而增强安全培训工作的实效性是安全培训工作重中之重.……     

亚热带稻田生态系统CO2通量的季节变化特征

为估算和评价稻田生态系统碳源/汇强度及其对大气CO₂浓度变化的贡献,研究了稻田生态系统与大气间CO₂交换通量的季节变化特征及其影响因素.采用涡度相关技术对我国亚热带稻田生态系统CO₂交换通量进行了连续监测,在数据剔除、校正和差补的基础上,对瞬时CO₂通量值进行计算求得日CO₂通量值和年CO₂通量值,并对CO₂通量季节变化及其与主要气象因子的关系进行了探讨.结果表明,稻田生态系统光合吸收CO₂通量（GPP）、呼吸排放CO₂通量（R_eco）和净吸收CO₂通量（NEE）的季节变化均呈6～9月较高,1～5月和10～12月较低的对称分布.其中5～9月水稻生长时期的NEE总量占年总量的80%以上,对年NEE总量起决定性作用.光合有效辐射（PAR）和日平均气温（T_a）是GPP与NEE季节变化的最主要影响因子,二者与GPP和NEE分别存在显著的二元线性关系.年净吸收CO₂总量为2?475.6 g/(m²·a),这表明我国亚热带稻田生态系统是大气CO₂的汇.     

美国化工行业未遂事件管理(下)

4 未遂事件管理7个步骤内容探讨 对未遂事件管理7个步骤的内容成功实施的内在因素进行探讨.每个步骤都包括以下内容:确定目标;确定成功实施的关键因素;列出影响该步骤成功实施的一般障碍;提出克服上述障碍的做法.     

不感冒的十大法宝

随着天气转暖,各种细菌病毒已进入到活跃期,气候的不稳定也给感冒“侵袭”提供了条件。北方早晚温差较大,风大、干燥、扬尘多的气候环境也有利于细菌病毒的传播,而南方这段时期雨水增多,空气潮湿,也容易造成抵抗力下降,易患感冒。     

Remediation of copper polluted red soils with clay materials

Attapulgite and montmorillonite were utilized to remediate heavy metal polluted red soils in Guixi City, Jiangxi Province, China. The e ects of clay minerals on availability, chemical distribution, and biotoxicity of Cu and Zn were evaluated. The results provided a reference for the rational application of clay materials to remediate heavy metal contaminated soils. From the sorption experiment, the maximum adsorbed Cu2+ by attapulgite and montmorillonite was 1501 and 3741 mg/kg, respectively. After polluted red soil was amended with attapulgite or montmorillonite and cultured at 30 and 60 days, soil pH increased significantly compared to the control. An 8% increase in the amount of montmorillonite in soil and 30 days incubation decreased acid exchangeable Cu by 24.7% compared to the control red soil. Acid exchangeable Cu decreased with increasing amounts of attapulgite and montmorillonite, with best remediation e ect reached at a dose of 8%. Results also showed that the Cu poisoning e ect on earthworms was reduced with the addition of attapulgite and montmorillonite. Montmorillonite showed the best e ect, with the addition of a 2% dose the mortality of earthworms decreased from 60% to zero compared to the control. Our results indicated that the bioavailability of Cu in soils was reduced more e ectively with the application of montmorillonite than attapulgite.     

Effect of chromium on accumulation and antioxidants in Cucumis utillissimus L.: Response under enhanced bioavailability condition

This study compares the accumulation of Cr(VI) and biochemical changes (total chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein, malondialdehyde (MDA) and cysteine contents) and roles of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)) in tolerance to metal induced stress in Cucumis utillissimus L. grown in Cr contaminated soil (CS) with garden soil (GS). Furthermore, Cr bioavailability was enhanced by ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) addition to the soil to forecast the plant’s accumulation pattern at elevated Cr environment. Accumulation of Cr in the leaves of the plant increased with increase in substrate metals concentration. It further increased with the addition of EDTA by 1437% and 487% in GS and CS, respectively at the highest treatment level. The lipid peroxidation increased proportionately with increase in Cr accumulation in the leaves. All the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPX and APX) and the level of cysteine increased with dose dependant manner. SOD and cysteine were observed to be higher in the GS than in CS, but APX and GPX were found to be higher in CS than in GS. The increase in GPX and APX activities with the increase in Cr concentration could be assumed that these two enzymes have a major role in the defense mechanism towards stress induced by Cr in C. utillissimus.     

火焰原子吸收法测定水中锰的不确定度分析

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量值的分散性,与测量结果相联系的参数.通过火焰原子吸收法对水中锰测定不确定度进行分析,确定锰测量不确定度最主要来源是工作曲线.通过合理选择不确定度分量,建立有效的质量控制程序,优化评定过程,达到时不确定度合理分析的目的.     

Biosorption mechanisms involved in immobilization of soil Pb by Bacillus subtilis DBM in a multimetal-contaminated soil

Mechanisms of soil Pb immobilization by Bacillus subtilis DBM, a bacterial strain isolated from a heavy-metal-contaminated soil, were investigated. Adsorption and desorption experiments with living bacterial cells as well as dead cells revealed that both extracellular adsorption and intracellular accumulation were involved in the Pb2＋removal from the liquid phase. Of the sequestered Pb（II）, 8.5% was held by physical entrapment within the cell wall, 43.3% was held by ion-exchange, 9.7% was complexed with cell surface functional groups or precipitated on the cell surface, and 38.5% was intracellularly accumulated.Complexation of Pb2＋with carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, amido, and phosphate groups was demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis. Precipitates of Pb5（PO4）3OH, Pb5（PO4）3Cl and Pb10（PO4）6（OH）2that formed on the cell surface during the biosorption process were identified by X-ray diffraction analysis. Transmission electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of the Pb（II）precipitates and that Pb（II） could be sequestered both extracellularly and intracellularly.Incubation with B. subtilis DBM significantly decreased the amount of the weak-acid-soluble Pb fraction in a heavy-metal-contaminated soil, resulting in a reduction in Pb bioavailability, but increased the amount of its organic-matter-bound fraction by 71%. The ability of B.subtilis DBM to reduce the bioavailability of soil Pb makes it potentially useful for bacteria-assisted phytostabilization of multi-heavy-metal-contaminated soil.     

废弃钻井液不落地达标处理技术在塔里木油田的应用

废弃泥浆中含有化学添加剂、黏土、钻屑、无机盐及含油物质等,pH值较高,一般存放在井场污池内,若管理不善容易造成环境污染。为减少钻井废弃液对环境的污染,针对塔里木油田自身的地理特征和钻井液类型,选取一套经济有效的废弃钻井液无害化处理工艺开展先导试验,解决了废弃钻井液处理施工难度大、工期长、成本高的问题,达到无害化处理的环保效果。