回顾标准发展历程探寻国际管理经验之美国篇:颗粒物(TSP、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)):指标缘何几经周折?

颗粒物是近年来国际修订空气质量标准的一个重要指标.据武雪芳(中国环境科学研究院环境标准研究所所长)介绍,美国在1971年首次制定颗粒物环境空气质量标准,并于1987年、1997年和2006年进行过3次修订.     

Carbonyl sulfide and dimethyl sulfide fluxes in an urban lawn and adjacent bare soil in Guangzhou, China

Carbonyl sulfide (COS) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) fluxes from an urban Cynodon dactylon lawn and adjacent bare soil were measured during April–July 2005 in Guangzhou, China. Both the lawn and bare soil acted as sinks for COS and sources for DMS. The mean fluxes of COS and DMS in the lawn (–19.27 and 18.16 pmol/(m2 sec), respectively) were significantly higher than those in the bare soil (–9.89 and 9.35 pmol/(m2 sec), respectively). Fluxes of COS and DMS in mowed lawn were also higher than those in bare soils. Both COS and DMS fluxes showed diurnal variation with detectable but much lower values in the nighttime than in the daytime. COS fluxes were related significantly to temperature and the optimal temperature for COS uptake was 29°C. While positive linear correlations were found between DMS fluxes and temperature. COS fluxes increased linearly with ambient COS mixing ratios, and had a compensation point of 336 ppt.     

Interspecific competition effects on phosphorus accumulation by Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans

The competition between submersed plants has been recognized as an important factor influencing the structure of plant communities in shallow lakes. The ability of different species to take up and store nutrients from the surrounding ambience varies, and hence plant community structure might be expected to affect the cycling of nutrients in lake ecosystems. In this study, the uptake of phosphorus by Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans was studied and compared in monoculture and competitive mixed-culture plantings. Results showed that for both studied species the phosphorus concentrations of different tissues and of whole plants was unaffected by competition. However, the quantity of phosphorus accumulated by whole plants of H. verticillata was significantly higher in mixture culture than in monoculture, while that of V. natans was lower in the mixed culture. The results indicated that H. verticillata has a competitive advantage over V. natans, when the two species are grown in competition, and is able to accumulate a greater quantity of phosphorus.     

Sedimentary record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Lake Erhai, Southwest China

The temporal distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated in a sediment core from Lake Erhal in Southwest China using gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method.The total organic carbon (TOC) normalized total PAHs concentrations (sum of US Environmental Protection Agency proposed 16 priority PAHs) ranged from 31.9 to 269 μg/g dry weight (dw),and were characterized by a slowly increasing stage in the deeper sediments and a sharp increasing stage in the upper sediments.The PAHs in the sediments were dominated by low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs,suggesting that the primary source of PAHs was low- and moderate temperature combustion processes.However,both the significant increase in high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs in the upper sediments and the vertical profile of diagnostic ratios pointed out a change in the sources of PAHs from low-temperature combustion to high-temperature combustion.The ecotoxicological assessment based on consensus-based sediment quality guidelines implied that potential adverse biological impacts were possible for benzo(ghi)perylenelene and most LMW PAHs.In addition,the total BaP equivalent quotient of seven carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (BaA,CHr,BbF,BkF,BaP,DBA and INP) was 106.1 ng/g,according to the toxic equivalency factors.Although there was no great biological impact associated with the HMW PAlls,great attention should be paid to these PAH components based on their rapid increase in the upper sediments.     

声明

为适应我国信息化建设,扩大本刊及作者知识信息交流渠道,本刊已被中国学术期刊(光盘版)电子杂志社的中国知网及其系列数据库,     

生命之源H_2O

水(H_2O)由两个氢原子和一个氧原子组成,它是自然界中最简单、最常见的化合物,也是我们赖以生存的地球上覆盖最广、数量最多的自然物质。地球上的水确实丰富,总体积约为13.8亿立方公里。但十分可惜的是,这些水98%是咸水,主要分布在海洋中。淡水只占地球水总量的2%,约有3000万立方公里,而这2%     

中国可再生能源管理体制

目前,世界面临着两种能源威胁: 一是难以用可承受的价格获得充足可靠的能源供应;二是过度消耗能源导致对环境的不可恢复的破坏.为了实现能源安全和保护环境的双重目标,发展可再生能源已成为各国乃至整个世界的首要任务.而能否对可再生能源产业进行科学的宏观调控与管理,以实现可再生能源资源的合理开发利用,满足经济社会发展对能源的需求,一个重要条件就是要有与该国国情相适应的可再生能源管理体制.     

绿色建筑评估标准之我见

国际绿色建筑标准制定当前,可持续发展战略已经成为世界各国的基本发展战略。在城市和建筑领域,与可持续发展战略最为直接相关的莫过于生态城市和绿色建筑的研究,其中尤以绿色建筑研究最为贴近西姓生活,绿色建筑也因此受到世界各国的高度重视,成为国际建筑领域最为关注的研究焦点之一。世界     

周生贤部长在中国生态文明研究与促进会成立大会上的讲话

首先,我代表环境保护部对中国生态文明研究与促进会的成立表示热烈祝贺!生态文明研究与促进会是我国第一个以生态文明建设作为主要关注方向的社会团体。研促会的成立,顺应了现实需要,必将为推进我国生态文明建设的伟大事业发挥积极作用。刚才,春云同志作了重要讲话,从生态文明研促会成立的重大意义、职责定位和目标任务,以及如何开展工作等方面讲了很好的意见,提出了明确要求。过一会,宗兴副主席还要作重要讲话。我们要认真学习贯彻。     

姜春云在中国生态文明研究与促进会会员代表大会上的讲话

中国生态文明研究与促进会（简称研促会）,经过近两年的努力,终于由民政部于10月18日批复筹备成立。这是一件大事好事,可喜可贺。在研促会筹建申报期间,得到了民政部、环保部、林业局和国务院办公厅的支持,得到了李克强、回良玉等中央领导同志的关心,在这里,让我们表示诚挚的谢意!同时,我代表发起人,对中国生态文明研促会会员代表大会的胜利召开表示热烈祝贺!对与会的代表和嘉宾表示真诚的欢迎!