基于行业全产业链评估一份外卖订单的环境影响

构建"生产-运输-使用-废弃处置"的外卖全产业链，通过大样本企业调研与外卖平台大数据分析，计算8个样本城市不同材质与规格的外卖餐盒、餐具、包装袋的市场使用比例，挖掘骑手配送的海量数据，收集城市垃圾处理处置情况，系统评估外卖全过程的环境影响.结果表明，外卖包装物全产业链中生产环节（45%）与废弃处置环节（50%）为环境影响的主要来源，严重程度依次为固废排放、水污染、资源能源消耗和大气污染.所在城市及选用包装物材质的不同，外卖行业造成的环境影响会有显著区别，全产业链上的各环节需相互配合，多主体共同承担环境责任，采取差别化的减缓应对措施.     

1380 — 1429年中国东部雨涝期与气候系统内部变率的可能联系

利用重建数据和模拟数据探讨中国东部1380—1429年雨涝期与气候系统内部变率之间的联系。结果显示：1380—1429年全球大多数区域发生了严重的旱涝事件,揭示了中国东部雨涝气候可能是对大尺度大气环流调整下的响应,可能与该时期赤道太平洋类La Niña海温分布、太平洋年代际振荡（PDO）冷位相、北大西洋年代际振荡（AMO）暖位相、北大西洋涛动（NAO）正位相相关。全球海气耦合模式尽管能够模拟出该时期非洲和欧洲区域的干湿空间分布状况,但模拟的中国东部、北美和南美的干湿状况与重建相反。其可能的原因或许是模式虽正确模拟出了NAO正位相及弱的印度洋偶极子（IOD）负位相,但无法正确刻画赤道太平洋类La Niña海温分布、北太平洋PDO冷位相及北大西洋AMO暖位相。     

Growth responses of Picea mongolica seedlings to defoliation rate

Picea mongolica W. D. Xu. is an endemic species in China. The spruce forest is only found in semi-arid habitat in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. Based on the simulative defoliation experiment, it was proved that Picea mongolica seedlings had the compensatory and overcompensatory effects under the certain defoliation rate. The results of variance analysis on growth indexes showed that in PM I (natural regeneration seedlings under Picea mongolica forest), the differences of H1 (height in June 23 ) and H2 (height in September 3) were extremely significant, and the difference of D(diameter at the breast height) were not significant. In PM Ⅱ (artificial regeneration seedlings under Betula platyphylla Suk. forest), the difference of H1 was significant, the difference of H2 was not significant, and the difference of D was extremely significant. The regression equations were established and the compensatory and overcompensatory points were obtained. In PM I, the compensatory points of H1, H2, and D were 0.7628, 0.7436, 0.5725, and the overcompensatory points were 0.6056, 0.5802 and 0.2909 respectively. In PM Ⅱ, the compensatory points of H1, H2, and D are 0.5012, 0.3421, 0.2488, and the overcompensatory points are 0.4137, 0.2633 and 0.0747 respectively. These results suggested that the induction of compensatory growth mechanisms in spruce seedlings required a threshold level of defoliation, and the insects in Picea mongolica forest could be controlled in a certain de clree.     

我国环境法体系的形成与发展

在《中华人民共和国环境保护法(试行)》颁布实施10周年之际,回顾我国环境法制建设的发展历程,可以清楚地看到,我们在这方面已经取得了令人瞩目的成绩。初步形成了适合国情的、具有中国特色的环境法规体系,建立了一整套环境保护的法律制度,强化了环境监督管理,促进了污染防治和生态保护,提高了人们的法制观念和环境意识,推动了我固环境保护事业的蓬勃发展。一、我国环境立法的发展概况虽然早在我国古代就有了保护山林、水道、动植物等内容的法律,但是环境法作为独立的法律出现却是现代的事情。我国环境立法是随着环境保护事业的发展而发展的,从四十年代末到七     

对加强环境行政执法的几点建议

1978年,我国将环境保护的内容纳入《宪法》,1979年9月五届全国人民代表大会第十一次会议讨论通过并公布了《中华人民共和国环境保护法(试行)》,奠定了我国环境法制建设的基础。十多年来,我国已经形成了环境基本法与特别法相结合的环境法体系,并成为一个独立的法律部门,与此同时我国环保工作者经过艰苦探索,在环境执法上也积累了丰富的实践经验,为促进环境污染的防治,改善环境质量起了重要作用.但是我们在环境执法中也还存在着一些亟待改进的方面。在这里笔者结合基层工