流体运动方程在二沉池优化设计中的应用

当前,我国各种污水处理的构筑物在设计上大部分都是基于理想情况,虽然在设计中已经比较保守,考虑到不利因素,但往往仍难以达到预期的处理效果。通过对水处理构筑物的水流流态进行分析,辅以计算流体力学和计算机技术,可以模拟并改进构筑物中的流体流态,进而提高处理效率,为管理提供科学依据。     

PAS-PDMDAAC复合混凝剂研究

以Al2（SO）4和PDMDAAC为原料进行了无机-有机复合絮凝剂的复合实验研制,确定其制备工艺条件,并对油田现场采集的钻井废水作絮凝沉降实验,所研制的PAS-PDMDAAC复合絮凝剂对COD的去除效率可大大提高.     

Effects of metal and acidic sites on the reaction by-products of butyl acetate oxidation over palladium-based catalysts

Catalytic oxidation is widely used in pollution control technology to remove volatile organic compounds. In this study, Pd/ZSM-5 catalysts with different Pd contents and acidic sites were prepared via the impregnation method. All the catalysts were characterized by means of N2 adsorption- desorption, X-ray fluorescence （XRF）, HE temperature programmed reduction （H2-TPR）, and NH3 temperature programmed desorption （NH3-TPD）. Their catalytic performance was investigated in the oxidation of butyl acetate experiments. The by-products of the reaction were collected in thermal desorption tubes and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. It was found that the increase of Pd content slightly changed the catalytic activity of butyl acetate oxidation according to the yield of CO2 achieved at 90%, but decreased the cracking by-products, whereas the enhancement of strong acidity over Pd-based catalysts enriched the by-product species. The butyl acetate oxidation process involves a series of reaction steps including protolysis, dehydrogenation, dehydration, cracking, and isomerization. Generally, butyl acetate was cracked to acetic acid and 2- methylpropene and the latter was an intermediate of the other by-products, and the oxidation routes of typical by-products were proposed. Trace amounts of 3-methylpentane, hexane, 2-methylpentane, pentane, and 2-methylbutane originated from iso4merization and protolysis reactions.     

Genotoxicity removal of reclaimed water during ozonation

Genotoxicity in wastewater and reclaimed water now is gaining increased attention because of genotoxins' potential damage to the ecosystem and human health. The effect of ozonation on genotoxicity in reclaimed water was investigated. It was found that ozonation decreased the genotoxicy dramatically in three tertiary treatment plants. In the further batch ozonation experiment in laboratory,secondary effluent sample used exhibited the genotoxicity of(41.1 ± 4.1) μg 4NQO/L. Ozonation with a dose of 10 mg O3/L completely removed the genotoxicity in secondary effluent. However,after ozonation, the dissolved organic carbonvalue of the sample didn't change much but the specific ultraviolet absorbance(SUVA) value dropped sharply. With the help of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ozonation was found to change chemical aliphatic carbon and C–O of the dissolved arganic matter, which might be the reason of the significant decreases of SUVA and genotoxicity.     

Compositions and sources of organic acids in fine particles (PM2.5) over the Pearl River Delta region, south China

Organic acids as important constituents of organic aerosols not only influence the aerosols' hygroscopic property, but also enhance the formation of new particles and secondary organic aerosols. This study reported organic acids including C14–C32fatty acids, C4–C9dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids in PM2.5collected during winter 2009 at six typical urban, suburban and rural sites in the Pearl River Delta region. Averaged concentrations of C14–C32fatty acids, aromatic acids and C4– C9 dicarboxylic acids were 157, 72.5 and 50.7 ng/m3, respectively. They totally accounted for 1.7% of measured organic carbon. C20–C32fatty acids mainly deriving from higher plant wax showed the highest concentration at the upwind rural site with more vegetation around, while C14–C18fatty acids were more abundant at urban and suburban sites, and dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids except 1,4-phthalic acid peaked at the downwind rural site. Succinic and azelaic acid were the most abundant among C4–C9dicarboxylic acids, and 1,2-phthalic and 1,4-phthalic acid were dominant aromatic acids. Dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids exhibited significant mutual correlations except for 1,4-phthalic acid, which was probably primarily emitted from combustion of solid wastes containing polyethylene terephthalate plastics. Spatial patterns and correlations with typical source tracers suggested that C14–C32fatty acids were mainly primary while dicarboxylic and aromatic acids were largely secondary. Principal component analysis resolved six sources including biomass burning, natural higher plant wax, two mixed anthropogenic and two secondary sources; further multiple linear regression revealed their contributions to individual organic acids. It turned out that more than 70% of C14–C18fatty acids were attributed to anthropogenic sources, about 50%–85% of the C20–C32fatty acids were attributed to natural sources, 80%–95% of dicarboxylic acids and 1,2-phthalic acid were secondary in contrast with that 81% of 1,4-phthalic acid was primary.     

第十二届全国人大二次会议在京开幕李克强在政府工作报告中强调，要像对贫困宣战一样，坚决向污染宣战

3月5日,第十二届全国人民代表大会第二次会议在北京开幕,国务院总理李克强作政府工作报告,审查计划报告和预算报告。     

德州市大气细粒子中碳组分的污染特征研究

2012年2-9月间在德州市城区及郊区布置6个采样点位,分别采集了采暖季(2012年2月28日-3月4日)、风沙季(2012年5月3日-8日)、非采暖季(2012年9月20日-9月25日)共216个PM2.5样品膜,采用美国Sunset Laboratory Inc热光反射法碳谱分析仪测定了PM2.5样品中OC、EC的浓度值,应用OC/EC比值法对SOC进行了估算。结果表明,德州市PM2.5污染较严重,年平均浓度为159.68μg/m3,各点位浓度的空间分布无明显差异,季节变化趋势为:采暖季>风沙季>非采暖季。PM2.5中OC和EC的平均浓度分别为16.80μg/m3、3.65μg/m3;OC和EC的日均浓度分别占PM2.5的9.61%和2.10%,OC是PM2.5的重要组成部分;OC、EC浓度的季节变化趋势与PM2.5浓度特征相同。年平均浓度为3.91μg/m3;SOC在OC和PM2.5中所占的比例分别为22.30%和2.54%,SOC对OC具有较大的贡献;SOC在OC中所占的比值季节变化趋势为风沙季>非采暖季>采暖季。     

地铁上盖开发建设项目环境影响评价研究

地铁上盖开发建设项目具有广阔的应用前景,成为目前城市轨道交通建设发展推崇的模式。通过对地铁上盖开发建设项目的特点、环评重点内容总结,着重分析了此类项目噪声、振动、二次结构噪声环评执行的标准及影响分析方法,对此类项目建设开发提出了建议。     

高水压载荷下软硬原煤瓦斯渗流试验研究

采用二次成型法成功地制作同一煤矿的硬煤和软煤原煤样,并在高水压加载前后使用自行设计的瓦斯渗流试验装置对两种典型原煤煤样的瓦斯渗透率的变化规律进行研究。结果表明:高水压加载前后,两种原煤样的瓦斯渗透率的变化规律差异较大,硬煤原煤样在高水压作用下,煤体内部发生脆性变形,其裂隙得到充分扩张、衍生,形成贯通裂隙网,有效孔隙度增加,煤样瓦斯渗透率较加载前大幅提高;相反,软煤原煤样在高水压作用下,煤体内部发生塑性变形,煤体被水压实,其原生裂隙也被堵塞,瓦斯的流动性更进一步弱化,煤样瓦斯渗透率较加载前大大降低。     

冬季东海、南黄海中DMS和DMSP浓度分布及影响因素研究

于2011年12月~2012年1月现场测定了东海、南黄海表层海水中二甲基硫(DMS)及其前体物质二甲巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP分为溶解态DMSPd和颗粒态DMSPp)的含量,研究了它们的浓度分布规律及其影响因素,并对DMSPp的粒级分布和DMS的海-气通量进行了探讨.结果表明,表层海水中DMS、DMSPd和DMSPp的浓度分别在0.58~4.14、0.37~7.86和4.29~25.76 nmol·L-1之间,平均值分别为(2.20±0.82)、(2.12±1.66)和(11.98±6.23)nmol·L-1.DMS、DMSPp与叶绿素a(Chl-a)呈现明显的正相关关系,并且它们的周日变化趋势基本一致,说明浮游植物生物量是影响研究海域内DMS和DMSP生产分布的关键因素.另外,DMSPd浓度和总细菌丰度表现出一定的负相关,这可能是在细菌释放的DMSP裂解酶的作用下DMSPd会发生裂解生成DMS.研究发现,5~20μm的微型浮游植物是海区内Chl-a和DMSPp的主要贡献者.此外,冬季东海、南黄海表层海水DMS的海-气通量在0.61~25.52μmol·(m2·d)-1之间,平均值为(8.30±5.92)μmol·(m2·d)-1.