常规试验设备温度循环应力筛选技术改进

目的寻找基于常规试验设备温度循环应力筛选技术的改进方法。方法应用常规温度循环试验箱,结合对军用电子产品进行环境应力筛选(ESS)的实际情况,测量产品在温度循环应力筛选时,产品内部升降温的实际速率,通过对这些测量结果比较分析,找出这一方法存在的问题,特别是缺陷暴露程度与应力筛选的相关性差,通过对温度循环筛选参数的合理选择进行分析,找出解决这一问题的思路。结果理论筛选度较高(如0.89)的试验,实际测算额得出的筛选度很低(如0.54)。结论应用温度循环应力筛选的方法,确立合理的应力参数,就可取得理想的试验效果,节省一半的试验时间。     

被动式建筑

所谓被动式建筑是指仅依靠建筑本身的构造设计,非主动应用一次化石性能源就能达到舒适的室内温度,满足“冬暖夏凉”的要求,不需要额外安装供暖设施的建筑,即：不需要“主动”提供能量的建筑。被动式节能建筑不仅适用于住宅,还适用于办公建筑、学校、幼儿园、体验馆等。     

基于氮平衡原理对南方污水处理厂中试脱氮工艺调控策略研究

通过建立A2/O工艺中氮的物料平衡方程,预测不同进水TN条件下,如何调控污泥回流比和混合液回流比使出水氮达到国家一级A标准;然后根据预测的运行参数,调试武汉市龙王嘴污水处理厂中试模拟装置,进行工况验证.结果表明,在进水TN低于30 mg·L-1,温度高于15℃时,不需要混合液回流即可实现良好的脱氮效果;在进水TN高于30 mg·L-1,温度在10~15℃之间时,增加混合液回流和DO可以提高脱氮效果,但当温度远远低于10℃时,必须同时提高混合液回流比来保证系统出水.该方法能较好依据水质状况通过调控回流比实现较好的脱氮效果.     

浒苔绿潮与南黄海近岸海域水质的关系

浒苔绿潮在黄海海域连续暴发,为研究浒苔绿潮与该海域水质的关系,根据2010年3~6月5个航次对南黄海苏北近岸浒苔绿潮暴发区海域生态环境要素的调查数据,重点研究了该海域温度、盐度、溶解氧、pH值的分布特征及其与浒苔绿潮的关系.结果表明,受陆地径流及苏北沿岸流的影响,调查海区为低盐高营养盐区,为绿潮的暴发提供了一定物质基础.第1航次到第5航次温度由8.8℃升高到21.6℃,第3航次调查海区开始出现漂浮浒苔藻体,此航次温度平均值为14.6℃;盐度平均值为31.6,第3航次到第5航次温度和盐度值均处于浒苔藻体适宜的生长范围之内.调查海区整体上均处于富氧状态,且从第1航次到第5航次溶解氧值逐渐减低.受陆地径流的影响整个调查区域pH值基本都小于8.0.海区适宜的温度、盐度、溶解氧及pH值,为近些年黄海海域浒苔绿潮持续的大规模暴发,提供了一定的环境条件.     

温度和放置时间对氟化物测定结果影响的探讨

氟是最活跃的非金属元素,自然界分布较广泛,多以氟化物(金属氟化物、氟化氢、四氟化硅)形式存在。空气中氟化物浓度超过一定量,会对人群、牲畜及农作物等产生不良影响。通过测定温度、放置时间两个因素对氟化物浓度的影响,得出温度为25℃、样品放置4h时为氟化物测定的最佳测定条件。     

苯系物污染土壤热解析实验研究

采用静态实验研究了苯系物(BTEX)污染土壤热解析的影响因素,确定了最优的热解析条件,然后通过动态实验,考察了热解析技术修复苯系物污染土壤的效果。结果表明:在加热温度为120℃、粒径水平≤2.0 mm以及加热时间为45min的条件下,污染土壤中总BTEX去除率达到97.3%,其中苯和甲苯的去除率在99%以上,乙苯、间对二甲苯和邻二甲苯的去除率在95.6%~97.2%,修复效果非常理想。     

Photocatalytic removal of NO and NO2 using titania nanotubes synthesized by hydrothermal method

In this study, the photocatalysts of titania nanotubes(TNTs) were synthesized at different calcination temperatures using commercial Degussa TiO2(P25) as a precursor. The materials were then characterized by BET, SEM, TEM, and XRD analyses. The photocatalytic reactions with NO and NO2 under UV-A irradiation were both performed. The results showed that the photocatalytic reaction rate of NO was much faster than that of NO2, and the conversion of NO2 to nitrate was the rate-limiting step for photocatalytic removal of NOx if the nitrate produced cannot be removed continuously from the photocatalyst surface. For TNTs calcined at different temperatures, a significant enhancement was observed on the total NOx removal efficiency by TNT calcined at 500°C for both NO and NO2 photocatalytic reaction, which could be attributed to its high anatase crystallinity as well as high surface area. These two factors affect primarily on the NO2conversion step in which the high anatase crystallinity could be responsible for the high efficiency at the beginning, while the high surface area could be accounted for retaining this high efficiency from nitric acid poisoning during the test period.     

Knudsen cell and smog chamber study of the heterogeneous uptake of sulfur dioxide on Chinese mineral dust

The heterogeneous uptake processes of sulfur dioxide on two types of Chinese mineral dust（Inner Mongolia desert dust and Xinjiang sierozem） were investigated using both Knudsen cell and smog chamber system. The temperature dependence of the uptake coefficients was studied over a range from 253 to 313 K using the Knudsen cell reactor, the initial uptake coefficients decreased with the increasing of temperature for these two mineral dust samples, whereas the steady state uptake coefficients of the Xinjiang sierozem increased with the temperature increasing, and these temperature dependence functions were obtained for the first time. In the smog chamber experiments at room temperature, the steady state uptake coefficients of SO2 decreased evidently with the increasing of sulfur dioxide initial concentration from 1.72 × 1012 to 6.15 × 1012mol/cm3. Humid air had effect on the steady state uptake coefficients of SO2 onto Inner Mongolia desert dust.Consequences about the understanding of the uptake processes onto mineral dust samples and the environmental implication were also discussed.     

温度对厨余垃圾两相厌氧消化中水解和酸化过程的影响

实验考查了厨余垃圾在4个温度(25℃、37℃、40℃、50℃)条件下的水解率、挥发酸(VFA)产量和速率、乳酸产量和有机酸的组成.结果表明:温度对水解和酸化过程均有较大影响,在小于37℃范围内水解率和酸化率均随温度升高而增加,最大的VFA浓度在37℃下获得,达34.4g/L.超过37℃,酸化率下降而水解率继续增加,最大水解率在50℃下获得达82%.VFA中以甲酸和乙酸为主,并有少量丙酸和丁酸产生,同时乳酸浓度一直较高.通过实验确定了厨余垃圾水解酸化过程的最优温度条件为37℃.     

禁令实施看变化

今年5月,河南油田根据当前的安全形势,把原来的安全生产10大禁令重新进行了补充和修订,发布了河南油田"安全生产20条禁令".禁令实施后,河南油田井下作业二部井架安装队发生了明显的变化.笔者采撷了以下3组镜头: