安全教育在企业安全管理中的地位与作用

阐述了安全生产教育的重要性 ,以及安全教育在企业安全管理中占有极其重要的地位和作用 ,它是提高职工安全文化素质 ,增强预防、控制事故能力的有效途径 ,也是企业实现安全生产的重要措施之一。     

藻毒素对自来水提取物诱导大鼠肝癌的促进作用

为了研究自来水有机提取物与藻毒素在大鼠肝癌诱导过程中的协同作用.以自来水有机提取物为启动剂,藻毒素为促进剂,构建大鼠肿瘤促进模型(Solt-farber模型),观察肝脏病理形态改变,并检测肝细胞中c-fos、c-jun、GSTPi表达情况.结果表明,实验组动物肝脏产生结节性增生灶,自来水有机提取物能诱导肝细胞GSTPi表达,藻毒素单独作用不能诱导GSTPi表达,但能够促进自来水有机提取物诱导产生的GSTPi表达;同时,藻毒素还能诱导肝细胞中c-fos、c-jun表达增加,并具有一定的剂量反应关系.自来水有机提取物具有启动活性,藻毒素具有促癌活性,影响细胞MAPK信号旁路而诱导具有增殖潜能的启动细胞克隆增殖异常是藻毒素可能的促癌机制.     

阴离子对UV/H2O2/微曝气工艺降解双酚A 的影响

试验研究了水中典型阴离子对UV/H₂O₂/微曝气工艺降解内分泌干扰物双酚A 的影响.结果表明,随着HCO₃^-和NO₃^-浓度的增大,BPA的降解速率下降,当HCO₃^-浓度增加到400mg/L 时,反应常数(k)从0.1613min-1 降低到0.0804min^-1;当NO₃^-的浓度增加到800mg/L 时, k 值降低到0.1107min^-1;而SO₄²-和Cl-浓度在一定范围内增加时,有利于BPA 的降解,当SO₄²-的浓度为800mg/L 左右时,对降解促进作用最大, k 值增加到0.1814min-1;当Cl-的浓度为400mg/L 左右时, k 值增加到0.1772min-1,但是当浓度继续增加时,BPA 的降解速度将降低.4 种离子对BPA 的降解影响大小顺序为HCO₃^-> NO₃^->SO₄²->Cl-.     

膨润土对土壤腐殖质特性的影响

砂质土壤腐殖质含量低,影响了土壤肥力.文章通过田间条件下砂滤管试验,利用膨润土的吸附和粘结功能,研究了膨润土不同用量对土壤腐殖质特性的影响.结果表明:膨润土在促进松结态腐殖质分解、加速紧结态腐殖质合成方面发挥了重要作用,有利于增加土壤系统的内稳性.施用膨润土促进了紧结态和稳结态腐殖质中HA的积累,提高了HA/FA比.胡敏酸红外吸收光谱表明,膨润土能使其脂肪族物质增多、芳化度降低.膨润土具有提高土壤腐殖质含量,改善土壤腐殖质特性,从而提高了土壤肥力.     

Purified terephthalic acid wastewater biodegradation and toxicity

The biodegradation and toxicity of the purified terephthalic acid（PTA） processing wastewater was researched at NJYZ pilot with the fusant strain Fhhh in the carrier activated sludge process（ CASP）. Sludge loading rate（SLR） for Fhhh to COD of the wastewater was 1.09 d^-1 and to PTA in the wastewater was 0.29 d^-1. The results of bioassay at the pilot and calculation with software Ebis3 showed that the 48h-LC50 （median lethal concentration） to Daphnia magna for the PTA concentration in the wastewater was only 1/10 of that for the chemical PTA. There were .5 kinds of benzoate pollutants and their toxicities existing in the wastewater at least. The toxicity parameter value of the pure chemical PTA cannot be used to predicate the PTA wastewater toxicity. The toxicity of the NJYZ PTA wastewater will be discussed in detail in this paper.     

Photodegradation of nitroaromatic compounds in aqueous solutions in the UV/H2O2 process

Photodegradation of nitrobenzene and nitrophenols in aqueous solutions by means of UV/H2 O2 process was studied in the Rayox batch reactors. Three nitrophenol isomers were identified as main photoproducts in the irradiated NB aqueous solutions. The distribution of nitrophenol isomers follows the order p-〉 m-〉 o-nitrophenol. Other intermediates detected include nitrohydroquinone, nitrocatechol, catechol, benzoquinone, phenol, nitrate/nitrite ions, formic acid, glyoxylic acid, maleic acid, oxalic acid and some aliphatic ketones and aldehydes. The degradation of nitrobenzene and nitrophenols at initial stages follows the first-order kinetics and the decay rate constants for nitrobenzene（NB） are around l0^-3-10^-2 s^-1 and for nitrophenols are around 10^-2 s^-1. The decomposition of H2 O2 in the presence of NB and each nitrophenol isomers follows zero-order kinetics. The quantum yields at initial stages for NB decay were estimated around 0.30 to 0.36, and for NPs decay is around 0.31-0.54.     

Adsorption of dyes onto activated carbon prepared from olive stones

Activated carbon was produced from olive stones（OSAC） by a physical process in two steps. The adsorption character of this activated carbon was tested on three colour dyes molecules in aqueous solution： Methylene blue（MB）, Rhodamine B（RB） and Congo Red（CR）. The adsorption equilibrium was studied through isotherms construction at 30℃, which were well described by Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity on the OSAC was estimated to be 303 mg/g, 217 mg/g and 167 mg/g respectively for MB, RB and CR. This activated carbon has a similar adsorption properties to that of commercial ones and show the same adsorption performances. The adsorption kinetics of the MB molecule in aqueous solution at different initial concentrations by OSAC was also studied. Kinetic experiments were well fitted by a simple intra-particle diffusion model. The measured kinetics constant was influenced by the initial concentration and we found the following correlation： Kid = 1.55 C0^0.51.     

“致癌植物”能不能养

正几年以前,新闻和网络上突然流传开了这样一条消息,说是经检测发现有50多种植物可以致癌,并附上了这些植物的名单。消息一出,引得众多养花爱好者心惊胆战,不少花草惨遭"清扫"。无独有偶,一则"夹竹桃可以致癌"的消息也是不胫而走,于是上海等地大片作为行道树种植的夹竹桃惨遭灭顶之灾。几年过去了,这些消息仍不时出现在小报、微博之中,经常被人提起。让想购买花卉的人犹豫再三。真相究竟是怎样的呢?     

固定化微生物技术处理石油石化废水研究进展

固定化微生物技术作为一种新兴的生物处理技术,具有生物活性较高、固液易于分离、处理效率高等优点,已经在各种有机废水领域得到广泛应用,近年来其在处理石油石化废水的研究也不断深入。综述了不同载体材料的特点、结构与固定化性能,载体材料固定细菌的作用机制,固定化微生物技术处理石油石化废水进展及去除石油污染物的微观机制,并对其在实际应用中存在问题和今后研究方向进行了探讨,为固定化微生物技术的工业化应用提供指导。     

绿化植物对城市空气悬浮颗粒物消减效应的研究进展

空气颗粒物对城市环境质量和人群健康的影响越来越受到社会各界的关注和重视,绿化植物能通过捕获、滞留和吸收等各种方式对空气颗粒物起到消减作用.本文在对绿化植物对空气颗粒物消减机制阐述的基础上,比较分析了不同形态特征和生态习性的绿化植物以及不同配置结构的城市绿地对空气颗粒物的消减差异,最后对未来的研究方向进行了展望.