A pilot-scale study of cryolite precipitation from high fluoride-containing wastewater in a reaction-separation integrated reactor

Fluoride removal by traditional precipitation generates huge amounts of a water-rich sludge with low quality, which has no commercial or industrial value. The present study evaluated the feasibility of recovering fluoride as low water content cryolite from industrial fluoride-containing wastewater. A novel pilot-scale reaction-separation integrated reactor was designed. The results showed that the seed retention time in the reactor was prolonged to strengthen the induced crystallization process. The particle size of cryolite increased with increasing seed retention time, which decreased the water content. The recovery rate of cryolite was above 75% under an influent fluoride concentration of 3500 mg/L, a reaction temperature of 50℃, and an influent flow of 40 L/hr. The cryolite products that precipitated from the reactor were small in volume, large in particle size, low in water content, high in crystal purity, and recyclable.     

Effect of transition metal doping under reducing calcination atmosphere on photocatalytic property of TiO2 immobilized on SiO2 beads

TiO₂ immobilized on SiO₂ (TiO₂/SiO₂) have been prepared by sol-gel method and various ions of transition metals (Cr³⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Zn²⁺) were doped on the photocatalyst using wet impregnation method under reducing calcination atmosphere. The photocatalytic activity of metal doped TiO₂/SiO₂ towards phenol degradation under black light irradiation were investigated and compared with undoped TiO₂/SiO₂. The results showed that the photoresponse of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ doped TiO₂/SiO₂ were larger than undoped TiO₂/SiO₂, indicating that the photogenerated carriers were separated more efficiently in Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ doped TiO₂/SiO₂. The reactivity was in the order of Cu²⁺ > Zn²⁺ > Ni²⁺ > Cr³⁺ > Co²⁺. The different photoreactivity was ascribed to combine effect of the different ionic radii and photocorrison tendency of the dopants. The sample was also characterized by surface analytical methods such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron micrograph/electron dispersive X-ray analyzer and UV-Vis absorption spectrum.     

复合膜生物反应器处理环氧氯丙烷废水

实验利用复合膜生物反应器处理以甘油为原料制备环氧氯丙烷产生的废水,考察了不同进水COD、水力停留时间以及盐度对处理能力的影响,并进行盐度冲击实验。生物处理后出水进行了深度处理的研究。结果表明:进水COD对处理能力影响较小;适当延长水力停留时间能优化出水水质;废水盐度高于22g/L时会对微生物产生抑制作用;深度处理能进一步降低出水COD;微生物通过一定时间的驯化期能适应并处理高盐度废水。     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of quantum-dot-sensitized one-dimensionally-ordered ZnO nanorod photocatalyst

An efficient photocatalyst was fabricated by assembling quantum dots （QDs） onto one-dimensionally-ordered ZnO nanorods, and the photocatalytic properties for Methyl Orange degradation were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence. The results indicate that the catalyst with assembled QDs is more favorable for the degradation than the pristine ZnO nanorods. The QDs with core-shell structure lower the photocatalytic ability due to the higher carder transport barrier of the ZnS shell layer. Besides its degradation efficiency, the photocatalyst has several advantages given that the one-dimensionally-ordered ZnO nanorods have been grown directly on indium tin oxide substrates. The article provides a new method to design an effective and easily recyclable photocatalyst.     

磁性多孔陶粒生物膜反应器处理焦化废水的试验研究

以磁性材料为原料,经过特定的工艺处理,对多孔陶瓷进行磁化改性获得磁性多孔载体,并将该载体应用于生物膜反应器中进行焦化废水处理试验。对不同类型的多孔陶粒载体进行对比试验,结果表明:磁性载体生物膜反应器对COD、NH3-N的去除率比普通活性污泥法高出25%³0%,比非载体生物膜反应器高出15%30%,比非载体生物膜反应器高出15%²0%左右。反应器的曝气量为1.5 L/h,曝气时间为10 h/d,温度为2520%左右。反应器的曝气量为1.5 L/h,曝气时间为10 h/d,温度为25³0℃。焦化废水经磁性载体生物膜反应器处理后,上清液中COD,NH3-N的去除率均在90%左右。出水浓度达到国家工业废水排放二级标准(GB18918-2002)。     

ABR反应器中COD/SO_4~(2-)值和硫酸盐负荷对SO_4~(2-)去除影响

利用厌氧折流板反应器,分别考察了反应器启动,及不同COD/SO42-比值和硫酸盐负荷对模拟废水中SO42-去除的影响。实验在(32±0.1)℃,pH为6.0⁶.5的条件下连续运行。结果表明:ABR经过约90 d的启动驯化阶段后,进水硫酸盐及COD浓度分别为1 500 mg/L和3 000 mg/L,水力停留时间为12 h条件下,硫酸盐去除率达到了92%。固定COD/SO42-比值为2.5时,随着进水SO42-浓度的增加(1 5006.5的条件下连续运行。结果表明:ABR经过约90 d的启动驯化阶段后,进水硫酸盐及COD浓度分别为1 500 mg/L和3 000 mg/L,水力停留时间为12 h条件下,硫酸盐去除率达到了92%。固定COD/SO42-比值为2.5时,随着进水SO42-浓度的增加(1 500³ 500 mg/L),SO42-去除率逐渐下降,最低为60%,相反SO42-去除速率随着硫酸盐浓度的增加而增加,最大为7.98 kg(/m3.d);维持恒定的硫酸盐浓度(1 500 mg/L),逐渐缩短水力停留时间以提高反应器中硫酸盐负荷,SO42-去除率呈现先上升后下降的复杂变化趋势,当水力停留时间为6 h时,SO42-去除率达到最大;随着COD/SO42-比值的提高,硫酸盐去除能力增强,且反应体系对硫酸盐负荷的耐受能力也逐渐增强。     

纳米Fe_3O_4/膨润土的制备、表征及光催化降解焦化废水

以铝柱撑膨润土负载纳米Fe_3O_4制备出性能良好的复合型催化剂。结合X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和比表面孔隙分析(BET)对催化剂的晶相、比表面积和粒度进行表征。负载的纳米Fe_3O_4粒径约为20～30nm,均匀分散到膨润土表面,未发生明显的团聚。在紫外光作用下用该催化剂对焦化厂二沉池出水进行深度处理。结果表明,在催化剂投加量为0.7 g/L,pH为2.5,温度40℃,H_2O_2初始浓度为17.6mmol/L的反应条件下,二沉池出水(化学需氧量COD=140mg/L,色度=400度)经催化氧化降解后,COD和色度可分别降低到54.44 mg/L和10度,达到国家工业再生用水水质标准GB/T 19923-2005(COD≤60 mg/L,色度≤30度)。催化剂重复使用4次时,废水COD和色度去除率保持稳定。     

涡流澄清池与网格澄清池处理的对比试验研究

针对传统水力循环澄清池运行中所遇到的混凝效率低、出水水质差、抗冲击负荷能力弱等瓶颈问题,该试验通过对涡流澄清池与网格澄清池的启动、除浊效果、产水能力、抗冲击负荷能力进行平行对比试验,研究了涡流澄清池实际运行效果,确定了涡流澄清池的最佳运行工况及相关设计参数,为微涡流澄清技术在水厂改造、净水装置研发及其他工程应用提供设计参数支持和推广应用依据。     

磁性纳米Fe_3O_4对毒死蜱的增效和催化降解研究

应用溶剂热法制备了磁性纳米Fe3O4(NMFO),并用聚乙二醇-6000对其进行改性,使纳米Fe3O4表面由亲水性转变为亲脂性,从而实现与亲脂性毒死蜱的复合。纳米Fe3O4的加入使毒死蜱的生物活性明显提高。室内毒力试验结果表明:含0.2%纳米Fe3O4的Fe3O4/毒死蜱制剂的毒力在室内和紫外光照下分别是同浓度纯毒死蜱的3.84倍和4.17倍;其降解率也显著提高,纳米Fe3O4/毒死蜱制剂在太阳光照下放置10 d,其降解率可达93.2%,相同条件下纯毒死蜱的降解率是10.14%,而将添加或未添加纳米Fe3O4的毒死蜱于暗处放置相同的时间,其降解率分别为1.21%和0.23%。     

生物膜-膜生物反应器废水处理技术进展

介绍了一种新型的废水处理器—生物膜-膜生物反应器(BMBR),并综述了其技术进展、优点和缺点,比较了几种常见的生物膜膜生物反应器。生物膜膜生物反应器中微生物主要以附着方式生长于填料上,可以延缓膜的污染;反应器中填料的移动可对膜表面进行有效清洗,减轻膜污染;同时该类反应器具有较高的有机物的去除率、脱氮除磷效率,抗冲击负荷能力强。生物膜膜生物反应器是一种具有很好应用前景的废水处理技术。