Shewanella oneidensis MR-1对Cr(VI)的还原及其影响因素

在实验室纯培养条件下,探讨厌氧体系中Shewanella oneidensis MR-1对Cr（VI）的还原能力,采用扫描电镜（SEM）-能谱（EDS）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等方法进行表征.结果表明,S.oneidensis MR-1介导下不同浓度Cr（VI）的生物转化与微生物对铬的耐受特性密切相关,低浓度Cr（VI）对其生长影响不大,高浓度时细菌生长则受到抑制,进而抑制Cr（VI）的还原率;菌株对Cr（VI）的还原作用随着接种菌悬液量的增加而增强;菌株最适生长pH值为中性,弱碱性环境比酸性环境更有利于菌株对Cr（VI）的还原;增加Fe（Ⅲ）的量会加快Cr（VI）完全还原的速率.通过SEM-EDS和XPS分析,在对Cr（VI）进行处理5d后,菌体表面有Cr（VI）和Cr（Ⅲ）两种形态存在,证实S.oneidensis MR-1在对Cr（VI）进行还原的同时也伴有少量的吸附作用.微生物还原为环境中Cr（VI）的去除以及解毒提供了一种有效的方法.     

三种小分子对光电子还原铀的影响及机理研究

光电子具有较强的还原性,但在溶液中其还原性受到多种因素的影响。该研究通过在反应体系中添加不同的有机小分子并利用循环伏安(CV)、电化学交流阻抗(EIS)、恒电位I-t曲线和红外光谱(FTIR)等方法考察小分子对光电子还原铀的影响及其作用机理。结果表明:CV分析证实在半导体矿物-U(Ⅵ)体系中U(Ⅵ)经历两步单电子还原为U(Ⅳ),扩散系数D_(Ⅵ)=1.9×10~(-8)cm~2/s。加入Na_3C_6H_5O_7、CH_3COONa、C_2H_5OH 3种小分子后溶液体系具有更高的电活性;随着小分子浓度不断增加,电子转移的能力先升高后降低;体系存在最优条件,即U(Ⅵ)与小分子的摩尔浓度为1∶1时,电子转移能力最强。相较于半导体矿物-U(Ⅵ)体系,3种小分子加入后其还原率分别提高了27.4%、16.4%、14.6%。EIS表明加入小分子的溶液体系具有更低的传荷内阻,更有利于电子的快速传递;I-t曲线证实还原过程中添加小分子可以加快U(Ⅵ)还原反应动力学速度;FTIR表明作用后603.34 cm~(-1)处有一U(Ⅳ)的较强吸收峰,表明光电子可将U(Ⅵ)还原成低价铀。研究结果表明通过加入合适的小分子可提高光电子对铀的还原效率。     

Characterization and reactivity of biogenic manganese oxides for ciprofloxacin oxidation

Biogenic manganese oxides （BioMnOx） were synthesized by the oxidation of Mn（II） with Mn- oxidizing bacteria Pseudomonas sp. G7 under different initial pH values and Mn（II） dosages, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The crystal structure and Mn oxidation states of BioMnOx depended on the initial pH and Mn（lI） dosages of the medium. The superoxide radical （O2） was observed in Mn-containing （III/IV） BioMnOx suspensions by electron spin resonance measurements. BioMnOx（0.4）-7, with mixed valence of Mn（II/III/IV） and the strongest O~- signals, was prepared in the initial pH 7 and Mn（II） dosage of 0.4 mmol/L condition, and exhibited the highest activity for ciproftoxacin degradation and no Mn（II） release. During the degradation of ciprofloxacin, the oxidation of the Mn（II） formed came from biotic and abiotic reactions in BioMnOx suspensions on the basis of the Mn（II） release and O2- formation from different BioMnOx. The degradation process of ciprofloxacin was shown to involve the cleavage of the hexatomic ring having a secondary amine and carbon-carbon double bond connected to a carboxyl group, producing several compounds containing amine groups as well as small organic acids.     

Effect of pretreatment on Pd/Al2O3 catalyst for catalytic oxidation of o-xylene at low temperature

The effect of pretreatment on Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts for the catalytic oxidation of o-xylene at low temperature was studied by changing the pretreatment and testing conditions. The fresh and pretreated Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the pretreatment dramatically changed the Pd/PdO ratio and then significantly affected the Pd/Al₂O₃ activity; while the pretreatment had not much influence on Pd particle size. The Pd/Al₂O₃ pre-reduced at 300℃/400℃, which has fully reduced Pd species, showed the highest activity; while the fresh Pd/Al₂O₃, which has fully oxidized Pd species, presented the worst performance, indicating the Pd chemical state plays an important role in the catalytic activity for the o-xylene oxidation. It is concluded that metallic Pd is the active species on the Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst for the catalytic oxidation of o-xylene at low temperature.     

中国安全防范产品行业协会关于增补副理事长单位及代表人、常务理事单位、理事单位的决定

根据《中国安全防范产品行业协会章程》第二十条规定，经本次常务理事会审议、投票通过，决定增补成都亚光电子股份有限公司及杨和声同志为协会副理事长单位及代表人；     

臭氧-活性炭处理高浓度制药废水作用机制研究

该研究采用臭氧(O_3)-颗粒活性炭(GAC)处理高浓度制药废水,研究结果表明:(1)投加适量的GAC能提高O_3对高浓度有机物的去除能力,当O_3气体流速为120 L/h和GAC剂量30 g时,COD去除率可达到92%;(2)GAC可以提高O_3利用率,当O_3气体流量为60 L/h和GAC剂量30 g时,O_3利用率为50%,相比于单独O_3氧化时分别提高了30%;(3)pH值对O_3/GAC体系有机物去除和协同因子都有重要影响。在酸性条件下,COD的去除主要靠GAC的吸附和O_3氧化作用;在碱性条件下,靠GAC吸附和羟基自由基(HO·)氧化作用去除。协同因子在酸、碱性条件下分别为1.0、1.4;(4)在酸性和碱性条件下,GAC表面峰强度变化分别与GAC吸附有机物、GAC表面官能团的增多相关。废水经过O_3氧化后,原有的多环类化合物的浓度降低,但苯系衍生物和简单有机酸等浓度等却增加,还生成了简单的酚类物质;经过O_3/GAC体系作用后多环化合物的浓度水平显著下降;(5)O_3/GAC体系动态实验中,GAC吸附15 min即出现泄漏,进行到50 min出水水质与进水水质相同;运行到100 min时开始通入O_3,O_3/GAC体系共运行约250 min,运行期间保持对COD的良好去除效果,极大地延长了活性炭的使用周期。     

Effect of functional groups on sludge for biosorption of reactive dyes

The sludge, which was collected from a biological coke wastewater treatment plant, was used as a low-cost adsorbent in the removal of reactive dyes (methylene blue (MB) and reactive red 4 (RR4)) from aqueous solution. The pH of dye solution played an important role on the dye uptake. As the solution pH increase, the MB uptake increased, while the RR4 uptake decreased. The maximum uptake of RR4 by protonated sludge was 73.7 mg/g at pH 1, and the maximum uptake of MB by sludge was 235.3 mg/g at pH 9. Three functional groups, including carboxyl, phosphonate, and amine group, were identified by potentiometric titration, fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The anionic functional groups, phosphonate and carboxyl group, were identified as the binding sites for the cationic MB. Amine groups were identified to bind RR4. The main mechanism of the reactive dyestuffs adsorption is electrostatic interaction.     

Photoelectrochemical degradation of Methylene Blue with -PbO2 electrodes driven by visible light irradiation

-PbO2 electrodes were prepared by electro-deposition and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and linear sweep voltammetry. We confirmed pure -PbO2 crystals were on the electrode and it had a high oxygen evolution potential. The photoactivity and photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of the -PbO2 electrode were investigated under visible light irradiation ( > 420 nm) for the decolorization of Methylene Blue. Pseudo first-order kinetics parameter (Kapp) for dye decolorization using the -PbO2 electrode achieved 6.71×10?4 min?1 under visible light irradiation, which indicated its excellent visible light-induced photoactivity. The Kapp of the PEC process was as much as 1.41×10?3 min?1 and was 1.71 times that of visible light irradiation or electrolysis even in the presence of the -PbO2 electrode. A significant synergetic effect was observed in the PEC system. We also employed TiO2 modified -PbO2 electrodes in this test, which revealed that the TiO2 immobilized on the -PbO2 electrode inhibited the visible light-induced PEC efficiency despite the amount of TiO2 used for electrode preparation. The -PbO2 electrode was also superior to the dimensionally stable anode (Ti/Ru0:3Ti0:7O2) in visible light-induced photoactivity and PEC efficiency.     

氟醚橡胶在不同介质下的热老化行为与机理研究

目的 对氟醚橡胶FM-2D在空气与飞马Ⅱ号润滑油中的热老化行为与机理进行研究。方法 开展氟醚橡胶高温贮存试验,在热氧、热油的介质环境下,研究氟醚橡胶的力学性能退化规律。试验后对样品的拉伸性能、压缩性能以及硬度进行检测,并且利用傅里叶红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜以及X射线电子能谱对试验后样品进行检测。结果 通过热老化试验,发现氟醚橡胶在200℃以下能够长期维持较好的力学性能。试验温度在200℃以上,氟醚橡胶的力学性能出现明显退化趋势,并且在热空气与热油中的老化趋势不同。在220℃的热空气老化31 d后,氟醚橡胶的拉伸强度下降27.0%,断裂伸长率增大89.8%,压缩应力松弛率为34.6%,硬度下降8.7%。在220℃的热油老化31 d后,氟醚橡胶的拉伸强度下降85.9%,断裂伸长率下降83.9%,压缩应力松弛率为-17.5%,硬度上升4.2%。结论 在热空气老化过程中,橡胶分子链受热氧影响发生断裂,使其强度下降;在热油老化过程中,油介质和高温的耦合作用使橡胶的交联网络失效,橡胶发硬变脆。     

三星光电子:营销也细分

天津三星光电子于1994年在中国天津成立,它是三星Techwin的海外公司,三星Techwin株式会社作为韩国政府军工企业,为保护国家军事基地和国家重要设施提供军事防卫装备,其重要产品有MPV多用途轮式装甲车、KAAV水陆两栖陆战车、K9型自动榴弹炮、全球定位测量空间站-98K雷达系统、战斗模拟训练分析系统、安全防卫智能机器人等面向未来的新型装备.