Effect of functional groups on sludge for biosorption of reactive dyes

The sludge, which was collected from a biological coke wastewater treatment plant, was used as a low-cost adsorbent in the removal of reactive dyes (methylene blue (MB) and reactive red 4 (RR4)) from aqueous solution. The pH of dye solution played an important role on the dye uptake. As the solution pH increase, the MB uptake increased, while the RR4 uptake decreased. The maximum uptake of RR4 by protonated sludge was 73.7 mg/g at pH 1, and the maximum uptake of MB by sludge was 235.3 mg/g at pH 9. Three functional groups, including carboxyl, phosphonate, and amine group, were identified by potentiometric titration, fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The anionic functional groups, phosphonate and carboxyl group, were identified as the binding sites for the cationic MB. Amine groups were identified to bind RR4. The main mechanism of the reactive dyestuffs adsorption is electrostatic interaction.     

静态顶空-气相色谱法测定水中二硫化碳

采用气相色谱法静态顶空进样,HP-1柱分离,FPD检测器检测,测定水中CS2,并对测定条件进行了探讨。实验表明,当取样量为10.0 mL,气液比为12.3,在40℃平衡25 min时,能获得满意的灵敏度,且稳定性很好。二硫化碳在0.63μg/L～502μg/L之间呈线性,相关系数为0.999 2,相对标准偏差为1.3%～5.7%、加标回收率为88%～105%,检出限可达0.3μg/L。干扰试验表明硫化氢、甲硫醇、甲硫醚不干扰二硫化碳的测定。本方法操作简便,测定快速,完全能够满足快速分析水中二硫化碳的要求。     

H2O2 存在下冰相中对氯苯酚的光转化

以125W 高压汞灯为光源,在低温(-14~-12℃)条件下,研究了紫外光作用下,冰相中有H2O2 存在时对氯苯酚(4-CP)的光转化反应.考察了各种因素对冰相中4-CP 光转化的影响以及冰相中4-CP 光转化的动力学和机理.结果表明,4-CP 初始浓度、H2O2 初始浓度、pH值和光强对冰相中4-CP 光转化都有较大影响.在本实验条件下,4-CP 和TOC 的转化率分别达到97%和40%,H2O2 的存在能够改变4-CP在冰相中光转化的产物和反应机理.     

光/电/化学催化降解水中二甲基甲酰胺的反应特性

设计了以负载型TiO₂薄膜电极为阳极,以高纯多孔石墨为阴极,以饱和甘汞电极为参比电极的光/电/化学催化反应器,对二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶液进行降解. TiO₂/Ti薄膜电极能对阳极槽中的DMF进行降解;同时,阴极槽中产生的过氧化氢(H₂O₂)可与亚铁离子形成Fenton催化体系,对DMF溶液也具有良好的降解作用. 结果表明,在以0.02 mol/L的Na₂SO₄和0.01 mol/L的FeSO₄混合溶液作为支持电解质,初始pH为3.5,阴极电位(-E_c)为0.66 V,曝气强度为1.5 L/min和反应时间为60 min等的条件下,阳极槽和阴极槽中DMF的去除率分别达到85.10%和82.95%.      

采用双重检测器检测水溶性硅酸盐和常见的阴离子

溶解性硅酸盐在色谱柱中能够以硅酸根离子的形式检测到.硅酸根通常在离子交换柱中不能很好的保留,在pH7时几乎没离解,这时的离子不能被抑制电导检测到;     

鄱阳湖北部沙山一处平行层理砂层的释光信号回零分析及年代学研究

鄱阳湖作为中国最大淡水湖,其周边发育若干沙山。虽然此前研究多认为这些沙山为风力堆积的产物,但是这些沙山中上部还普遍保存有水成沉积构造的沉积层。选取江西省湖口县沙洲村沙山一处代表性的平行层理砂层（吴淞高程约40.3 m）为研究对象,首先对目标砂层的石英和钾长石开展光释光信号回零分析。研究结果显示该砂层的石英光释光信号和钾长石光释光信号均呈现明显的晒退不均。这种现象与沉积构造解译一致,即目标沉积层为水成堆积过程的产物。之后,对目标砂层开展年代学研究,通过对比鄱阳湖湖岸一处现代平行层理砂层的光释光年代结果,将沙洲村沙山目标砂层的年代限定为全新世大暖期（石英单片和单颗粒光释光年龄分别为(6.9±1.6) ka和(6.4±2.2) ka）。     

Characterization of products from photooxidation of toluene

Photooxidation reaction of toluene in smog chamber systems was initiated by the UV radiation of tolucne/CH5ONO/NOx mixtures. The products of the photooxidation reaction of toluene and its subsequent reactions were analyzed directly utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectrometer （FTIR）. Detailed assignments to FTIR spectrum of gas-phase products were given. The information of some important functional groups in the products, such as, carbonyl groups （C-O）, hydroxyl groups （-OH）, carboxylic acid （- COOH）, C-C bonding, N O bonding and C-H bonding （C H）, was got from this analysis. These results were compared to those analyzed by aerosol time of flight mass spectrometer （ATOFMS）. It was found that there are some differcnccs between FTIR analysis of gas-phase products and that of particle-phase, for example, the products with carbonyl groups, which were connected to unsaturated chemical bonds, was relatively higher in the gas phase, while kctoncs, aldehydes, carboxylic acid and organonitrates were the dominant functional groups in the aerosol-phase reaction products. The possible reaction pathways of some important products in the gas phase were also discussed.     

Exposure measurement, risk assessment and source identification for exposure of traffic assistants to particle-bound PAHs in Tianjin, China

To investigate the levels of exposure to particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) and to estimate the risk these levels pose to traffic assistants(TAs) in Tianjin(a megacity in North China), a measurement campaign(33 all-day exposure samples, 25 occupational-exposure samples and 10 indoor samples) was conducted to characterize the TAs' exposure to PAHs, assess the cancer risk and identify the potential sources of exposure. The average total exposure concentration of 14 PAHs was approximately 2871 ± 928 ng/m3(on-duty), and 1622 ± 457 ng/m3(all-day). The indoor PAHs level was 1257 ± 107 ng/m3. After 8000 Monte Carlo simulations, the cancer risk resulting from exposure to PAHs was found to be approximately 1.05 × 10-4. A multivariate analysis was applied to identify the potential sources, and the results showed that, in addition to vehicle exhaust, coal combustion and cooking fumes were also another two important contributors to personal PAH exposure. The diagnostic ratios of PAH compounds agree with the source apportionment results derived from principal component analysis.