防灾抗灾新发明

安全木屋 在最近举办的挪威＂卑尔根国际木节＂上,由荷兰建筑师马克斯·林克和西蒙·德容只用4天建起的安全木屋设计独特,十分引人注目。瘦长结构的安全屋全用外表被火燎烧过的5厘米×5厘米的松木梁建造,有助于防火,防腐和防虫,确保室内安全。它敞开屋顶,以便让自然光照射进来。通过旁边的一个小门可进入安全木屋,里面有一系列的活动平台,可根据社交、联络、工作或休闲等不同的用途配置。儿童和成年人可以在平台里进行读书或娱乐等活动,甚至睡大觉。     

避开来自阳光的紫外线

正六月阳光,热辣,闪亮。作物和花草承其德泽,生出灼灼光华。这繁茂的炽烈,闭着眼睛都有炫彩的亮,这就是夏日阳光的王者风范。六月阳光,带来了色彩浓郁到极致的旺盛,六月里诞生的我,感念这火辣阳光赋予的顽强生命力,但还是忍不住悄悄说一点阳光的坏,准确地说,是数落一下赤橙黄绿蓝靛紫的明媚光芒之外,     

夜间行车特点与安全对策

夜间行车,由于自然光线差,照明不佳,导致观察困难、判断时间增长、错漏增多,加上人体机能水平降低,操作可靠性下降,因此发生事故的危险性也随之增大。据统计,某省1995年发生的1169宗重大以上交通事故中,夜间有594宗,占重大以上交通事故总量的50．8％。此外,尽管夜间的交通流量比白天少得多,仅占白天的10％-20％,发生事故的概率却比白天高5～10倍。据美国、前苏联等国家统计,夜间交通事故占交通事故总量的46％～54％（死亡近60％）。因此,充分认识夜间行车特点及其困难,采取相应的安全对策,是一个需溪深入探讨和总结的重要课题。     

安全小字典(26)

为什么有些气体钢瓶必须分开存放？ 答：某些气体会相互作用而发生危险。例如氧气与乙炔气相遇,一旦有火种即可发生剧烈燃烧。氢气与氯气相混,经光线照射即可发生爆炸。故所容气体性质相抵触的气瓶不得混装运输并应分开存放。     

“光污染”成环境杀手

光污染已经成为继水污染、大气污染、噪声污染、固体废物污染之后的第5大污染,是21世纪直接影响人类健康的又一环境杀手! 城市中,光污染随处可见：建筑物的玻璃幕墙等反射的太阳光线,夜幕下的广告灯、霓虹灯、路灯,舞厅、夜总会的彩色光源……光污染直接威胁着环境及人类的健康,使人们视力下降、大脑中枢神经受干扰、生物钟紊乱。同时,影响动植物的正常繁殖、生长。     

Photocatalytic degradation of endocrine disruptor Bisphenol-A in the presence of prepared CexZn1-xO nanocomposites under irradiation of sunlight

Photocatalytic degradation of Bisphenol A （BPA）, a representative endocrine disruptor chemical, was carried out under irradiation of sunlight in the presence of CexZn1-xO nanophotocatalyst. Cerium （Ce） ions were successfully incorporated into the bulk lattice of ZnO by simple co-precipitation process. The CexZn1-xO composite nanostructures exhibited higher photocatalytic efficiency than pure ZnO in the degradation of BPA under sunlight irradiation and nearly complete mineralization of BPA was achieved. The degradation rate was strongly dependent on factors such as the size and structure of catalyst, doping material concentration, BPA concentration, catalyst load, irradiation time and pH levels. This work suggested that the CexZn1-xO assisted photocatalytic degradation is a versatile, economic, environmentally benign and efficient method for BPA removal in the aqueous environment.     

Fabrication of Bi2O3/TiO2 nanocomposites and their applications to the degradation of pollutants in air and water under visible-light

A nanoheterojunction composite photocatalyst Bi2O3/TiO2working under visible-light(λ 420 nm) was prepared by combining two semiconductors Bi2O3 and TiO2 varying the Bi2O3/TiO2molar ratio. Maleic acid was employed as an organic binder to unite Bi2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles. The SEM, TEM, XRD and diffuse reflectance spectra were utilized to characterize the prepared Bi2O3/TiO2nanoheterojunction. The nanocomposite exhibited unusual high photocatalytic activity in decomposing 2-propanol in gas phase and phenol in aqueous phase and, evolution of CO2 under visible light irradiation while the end members exhibited low photocatalytic activity. The composite was optimized to 5 mol% Bi2O3/TiO2. The remarkable high photocatalytic efficiency originates from the unique relative energy band position of Bi2O3 and TiO2 as well as the absorption of visible light by Bi2O3.     

A visible light-responsive iodine-doped titanium dioxide nanosphere

I-doped titanium dioxide nanospheres (I-TNSs) were synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal synthesis route, their potential for the e cient utilization of visible light was evaluated. The prepared anatase-phase I-TNSs had a bimodal porous size distribution with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of 76 m2/g, a crystallite size of approximately 14 nm calculated from X-ray di raction data, and a remarkable absorption in the visible light region at wavelengths > 400 nm. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by decoloration of Methyl Orange in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation in comparison to the iodine-doped TiO2 (I-TiO2). The I-TNSs showed higher photocatalytic e ciency compared with I-TiO2 after irradiation for 180 min even though the latter had a much greater surface area (115 m2/g). It was concluded that the surface area was not the predominant factor determining photocatalytic activity, and that the good crystallization and bimodal porous nanosphere structure were favourable for photocatalysis.     

模拟日光照射下草酸协同黄铁矿对Cr(Ⅵ)的还原作用

研究了模拟日光照射下草酸协同黄铁矿对Cr(Ⅵ)的还原作用机理及其影响因素.结果表明,加入草酸后,反应体系中生成了光化学活性高的草酸铁(Ⅲ)配合物,同时还可能阻止了黄铁矿表面Fe(Ⅲ)水解产物Fe(OH)3和CrxFe1-x(OH)3的生成,从而使黄铁矿还原Cr(Ⅵ)的速率明显得到提高.增加溶液酸度、草酸浓度和黄铁矿质量浓度,有利于Cr(Ⅵ)的还原.     

新一代低照成像技术——AI超微光——基于深度智能学习的低层视频应用

视频监控作为安防行业的主要业务,已经历经了多年的发展与变迁。视频监控技术在人员搜索和车辆管控及违章取证等方面,为公安部门提供了大量的帮助与支持,目前应用场景已十分广泛,包括平安城市、雪亮工程、酒店、车站、广场、住宅小区等等。目前视频监控成像依然受限于环境光线,在白天可以提供清晰、色彩还原度高的影像,然而在低光照的夜间环境下成像质量大幅下降,而夜间由于环境光线不足或者全无光。