再开发利用工业场地土壤重金属含量分布及生态风险

选取上海市普陀、宝山、闵行和嘉定这4个区内50块典型场地,测定1847个不同垂直剖面深度土壤样品中重金属Hg、Cd、Pb、Cr和As含量,并通过内梅罗综合指数法和潜在生态风险指数法进行评价.从总体上看,Hg、Cd、Pb、Cr和As在表层土壤样品中的平均含量分别为0.33、0.37、74.55、69.23和9.05 mg ·kg^-1,其中Hg、Cd和Pb均超过上海市土壤背景值,分别是背景值的2.75、2.85和2.93倍;5种重金属含量随着土壤垂直剖面深度的增加逐渐降低,深层和饱和带土壤重金属含量接近或低于背景值水平,这表明人类活动扰动影响主要局限于表层.普陀区表层土壤中Hg、Cd和Pb的累积程度最为明显,平均含量是背景值的4.25、4.85和3.09倍;宝山区的Hg和Pb平均含量则为背景值的4.92和6.43倍.宝山区和普陀区的内梅罗综合指数分别为3.70和3.20,属重污染等级;普陀区潜在生态风险指数最高为398.59,具有很强风险,宝山潜在生态风险指数为303.08,具较强风险.闵行和嘉定土壤重金属含量和生态风险水平相对较低.综上,再开发利用工业场地土壤重金属污染受企业生产年限、行业类型及历史管理水平等因素的综合影响,工业发展较早的普陀和宝山土壤重金属累积程度明显高于闵行和嘉定.工业场地土壤中重金属Hg、Cd和Pb的污染值得关注.     

基于安全约束的客站晚点列车到发线分配优化北大核心CSCD

为了研究安全约束条件下客站晚点列车到发线分配优化问题,采用混合整数规划建模方法建立基于安全约束的晚点列车到发线分配模型,避免列车出现行车事故和晚点传播,设计模拟退火算法对模型进行求解,以宝鸡车站为例,验证模型及方法的有效性。结果表明:当列车晚点时间较短情况下,安全约束对非晚点列车及车站作业影响较小,可采取"先到先服务"原则;当有多列列车晚点且时间较长时,优先安排非晚点列车进站作业。     

物理法再利用废旧纺织品典型企业研究——以广德天运新技术股份有限公司为例

废旧纺织品的再利用可以分为物理再利用、化学再利用、机械再利用和热能再利用,各种再利用方式各有优缺点。化学再利用法虽然不降低纤维质量,可以多次循环利用,但对于废旧纺织品有严苛的要求,并且成本较高,流程复杂;其他3种再利用法,适用的纤维广泛,成本较低,技术相对简单,但物理法使得纤维质量变差,价值降低,无法多次循环利用;机械法有可能造成原料浪费,热能法则可能排放有害物质,造成环境污染。安徽广德天运股份有限公司是国内物理法再利用废旧纺织品的典型企业,公司利用开松后的长纤维,生产汽车、空调隔音、隔热材料,而把原来丢弃的短纤维和杂质用于生产物流托盘,使得废旧纺织品得到更为充分的利用。     

地方传真

北京：50万吨园林废弃物将“变废为宝” 近日,北京市园林绿化局宣布,与市科委联合开展的“园林绿化废弃物资源化再利用关键技术”项目已经取得初步成效,西城、朝阳、海淀、丰台、顺义等5家园林废弃物处理厂被正式确定为北京市绿化垃圾处理示范基地。今后,北京每年至少有50万吨园林废弃枝叶实现“变废为宝”。近年来,北京市园林绿化废弃物急剧增多,仅8个近郊区2007年就产生了167万吨园林绿化废弃物。目前,北京已经建成的5家园林废弃物处理厂,年处理能力达50万吨,     

环球

美国力推海洋发电5年有望实现商业化;英国出台煤电碳捕获新规定。     

Pollutants removal and simulation model of combined membrane process for wastewater treatment and reuse in submarine cabin for long voyage

A laboratory scale test was conducted in a combined membrane process (CMP) with a capacity of 2.91 m3/d for 240 d to treat the mixed wastewater of humidity condensate, hygiene wastewater and urine in submarine cabin during prolonged voyage. Removal performance of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4 +-N), turbidity and anionic surfactants (LAS) was investigated under di erent conditions. It was observed that the e uent COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS flocculated in ranges of 0.19–0.85 mg/L, 0.03–0.18 mg/L, 0.0–0.15 NTU and 0.0–0.05 mg/L, respectively in spite of considerable fluctuation in corresponding influent of 2120–5350 mg/L, 79.5–129.3 mg/L, 110–181.1NTU and 4.9–5.4 mg/L. The e uent quality of the CMP could meet the requirements of mechanical water and hygiene water according to the class I water quality standards in China (GB3838-2002). The removal rates of COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS removed in the MBR were more than 90%, which indicated that biodegradation is indispensable and plays a major role in the wastewater treatment and reuse. A model, built on the back propagation neural network (BPNN) theory, was developed for the simulation of CMP and produced high reliability. The average error of COD and NH4 +-N was 5.14% and 6.20%, respectively, and the root mean squared error of turbidity and LAS was 2.76% and 1.41%, respectively. The results indicated that the model well fitted the laboratory data, and was able to simulate the removal of COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS. It also suggested that the model proposed could reflect and manage the operation of CMP for the treatment of the mixed wastewaters in submarine.     

构建与完善环境法律体系进一步发展循环经济——访韩国环境资源公社北京代表处首席代表洪智善

近邻韩国经过长期不懈的努力,循环经济有了长足的发展,排放的废弃物大量减少,资源回收和再利用率已达到60％左右,生态环境优美。最近,本刊编辑专门走访了韩国环境资源公社（envico）北京代表处的首席代表洪智善,请他介绍韩国发展循环经济与资源综合利用的做法,从中吸收有益的经验,以便我国在应对国际金融危机中,加快经济结构调整,促进产业升级,推动节能减排,进一步发展循环经济。     

电子废弃物物流及责任方安全职责分析

电子废弃物回收再利用属于逆向物流。阐述了我国电子废弃物物流的特点和模式,系统分析了电子废弃物物流框架,重点阐明在电子废弃物回收再利用中各责任方的安全职责：电子产品生产者具有全面责任;消费者具有经济责任和物质责任;政府管理部门具有宏观调控和监督协调责任;物流方有微观控制和安全保管的责任。     

建筑废弃物回收再利用项目运作模式刍探

建筑废弃物处理是城市建设中的一大难题,如果实行简单填埋,不仅污染环境、造成资源浪费,而且也耗费政府大量财力。介绍了深圳市龙岗区通过创新招标方式,公开出让特许经营权,引入企业运用先进技术对建筑废弃物实行综合再利用的一些做法,同时对城市建筑废弃物回收再利用如何实现规模化和产业化发展,以及政府在推动循环经济发展方面如何将经济效益与社会效益有机结合提出了一些看法。     

Effects of land use change and water reuse options on urban water cycle

The aim of this article was to study the effects of land use change and water reuse options on an urban water cycle. A water cycle analysis was performed on the Goonja drainage basin, located in metropolitan Seoul, using the Aquacycle model. The chronological e ects of urbanization were first assessed for the land uses of the Goonja drainage basin from 1975 to 2005, where the ratio of impervious areas ranged from 43% to 84%. Progressive urbanization was identified as leading to a decrease in evapotranspiration (29%), an increase in surface runo (41%) and a decrease in groundwater recharge (74%), indicating a serious distortion of the water cycle. From a subsequent analysis of the water reuse options, such as rainwater use and wastewater reuse, it is concluded that wastewater reuse seemed to have an advantage over rainwater use for providing a consistent water supply throughout the year for a country like Korea, where the rainy season is concentrated during the summer monsoon.