B/Fe2O3共掺杂纳米TiO2可见光下催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了B／Fe2O3共掺杂TiO2复合光催化材料，并用XRD、荧光光谱（FS）和紫外可见漫反射光谱（DRS）对粉体进行了表征。XRD显示催化剂以锐钛矿存在的纳米颗粒，硒显示了颗粒的光谱特征，DRS显示掺杂B能极大提高催化剂可见光响应。以2，4-二氯苯酚（DCP）为降解物质，在紫外和可见光下分别研究了复合催化剂的光催化活性。结果表明，掺杂B能使吸收光谱红移至可见光区，而进一步掺杂Fe203大大提高了催化剂的活性。     

萘和苯并［b］荧蒽在配位聚合物上的选择性吸附行为和机理研究

异烟酸铜配位聚合物是由[Cu(4-C5H4N-COO)2(H2O)4]n通过分子间氢键构筑而成的三维超分子化合物,选用分子形状、大小和疏水性差别较大的多环芳烃萘和苯并[b]荧蒽为研究对象,研究异烟酸铜配位聚合物对它们的选择性吸附作用.结果表明,在pH为5～6,吸附剂用量为1.0 g/L时,异烟酸铜配位聚合物对苯并[b]荧蒽的去除率可达90%以上,而对萘的去除率低于10%.萘和苯并[b]荧蒽在异烟酸铜配位聚合物上的吸附等温线既较好地符合Langmuir模式,又较好地符合Freundlich模式.热力学数据表明,异烟酸铜配位聚合物吸附苯并[b]荧蒽的过程是自发进行的,而对萘的吸附则是非自发过程.动力学试验表明,2种物质的吸附过程均为一级可逆动力学反应.     

Enhancement of formaldehyde degradation by amine functionalized silica/titania films

Doping amine functional groups into SiO2/TiO2 films for enhancing the decomposition of formaldehyde has been investigated using the modified sol-gel method to prepare organic-inorganic hybrid photocatalysts via the co-condensation reaction of methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMOS) and amine functional groups. n-(2-Aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane (AEAPTMS) and 3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane (APTMS) were selected to study the e ect of amine functional groups on the enhancement of formaldehyde adsorption and degradation under a UV irradiation process. Physicochemical properties of prepared photocatalysts were characterized with nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms measurement, X-ray di raction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The results indicated that the APTMS/SiO2/TiO2 film demonstrated a degradation e ciency of 79% superior to those of SiO2/TiO2 and AEAPTMS/SiO2/TiO2 films due to the synergetic e ect of adsorption and photocatalytic properties. The APTMS/SiO2/TiO2 film can be recycled with about 7% decreasing of degradation e ciency after seven cycles.     

铁离子掺杂TiO2薄膜光催化降解无水肼废水的研究

研究Fe^3＋掺杂的TiO2薄膜对无水脐废水光催化降解作用,考察了影响Fe^3＋掺杂的TiO2薄膜光催化降解无水肼废水的效果的相关因素,结果表明：当Fe^3＋掺杂TiO2薄膜的摩尔分数为0．5％,煅烧温度为500℃,煅烧时间为3h,并且无水肼废水为中性或弱碱性,催化降解温度在30℃左右时,Fe^3＋掺杂的TiO2薄膜的催化效果最好。     

溶胶-凝胶掺杂铁对微弧氧化TiO_2膜光催化性能影响

以磷酸钠为电解液,采用微弧氧化技术在钛片上直接制备TiO2膜,利用溶胶-凝胶法和硝酸铁掺杂方法对该膜表面进行修饰处理,以罗丹明B溶液模拟废水来评价TiO2膜光催化降解水中有机污染物的能力。利用EDX对微弧氧化膜表面成分进行分析。实验结果表明:微弧氧化TiO2膜具有一定的光催化活性。溶胶-凝胶法负载TiO2且硝酸铁掺杂处理后可以使铁离子进入微弧氧化TiO2负载膜,改善膜的光催化性能。溶胶-凝胶法负载TiO2膜对废水的光催化降解效率由13.8%提高到42.5%;铁离子掺杂1%可以使负载TiO2膜对废水的光催化效率由42.5%提高到68.9%。     

活性污泥胞外聚合物提取方法的研究

对两种不同来源的活性污泥中EPS的提取效率进行了研究,采用的提取方法有NaOH法,阳离子交换树脂法（CER法）,加热法和离心法。结果表明,CER法是两种污泥EPS提取中最有效的方法。经过16h的提取,EPS中DNA的含量分别为0．73％和1．61％,这表明EPS的提取没有受到胞内物质的污染。两种污泥EPS的提取量分别为74mg／gVSS和80mg／gVSS,其中多糖和蛋白质是EPS的主要成分。在研究中,CER法最佳提取时间为8h,高搅拌强度和CER投加量都有利于EPS提取量的增加。     

烟曲霉胞外聚合物对Pb2+的吸附特性

采用阳离子交换树脂(CER)法提取了烟曲霉胞外聚合物（EPS）,并分析了其生物化学成分.同时,考察了烟曲霉EPS对重金属离子Pb2+的去除效果,探讨了其生物吸附机理和动力学特性.结果表明,CER法提取的烟曲霉EPS多糖含量较高,对细胞破坏程度较小.烟曲霉EPS吸附Pb2+的平衡时间约为3h,最佳吸附pH为6.5,吸附平衡时 Pb2+去除率为73.48%.烟曲霉EPS对Pb2+的吸附平衡均能较好地用Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型来描述,而且更适用Langmuir模型,最大吸附量qm为32.22mg·g -1.烟曲霉EPS的FTIR分析结果表明,多聚糖中的羟基、羧基和C—O—C等是与Pb2+发生了作用的基团,而其中蛋白质的作用不明显.     

Effect of background electrolytes on the adsorption of nitroaromatic compounds onto bentonite

To further elucidate interaction of nitroaromatic compounds with mineral surface, the sorption of m-dinitrobenzene (m-DNB) and nitrobenzene to original bentonite in aqueous solution containing di erent electrolytes (i.e., KCl, NH4Cl, CaCl2 and Tetramethylammonium bromide (TMAB)) was studied. The sorption of m-DNB was greatly enhanced with the presence of KCl and NH4Cl, while little influence was observed with CaCl2 and TMAB, following the order of KCl > NH4Cl TMAB, CaCl2, or DI water. For nitrobenzene, sorption enhancement only occurred at high nitrobenzene concentrations in the presence of KCl, and the solute equilibrium concentration at inflexion point was lowered with increasing KCl concentration. These sorption enhancements were significantly promoted with the increase of electrolyte concentration. The salting-out e ect is insu cient to account for the sorption enhancement by original bentonite with increasing KCl or NH4Cl concentration. X-ray di raction patterns of bentonite suspensions indicated that the sorption enhancement of m-DNB was attributed to the intercalation of K+ or NH4 + into bentonite interlayer and then dehydration with m-DNB to form inner-sphere complexes, which caused previously expanded bentonite interlayers to collapse in aqueous suspension, thus further enhanced the interaction of phenyl with siloxane surface. In comparison, the sorption enhancement of NB is attributed to the formation of outer-sphere complexes with K+ at high solute-loadings (> 200–400 mg/kg). The sorption of m-DNB to initially modified TMA+-bentonite and K+-bentonite was almost the same as respective sorption to original bentonite in solution containing TMA+ and K+.     

活性污泥絮体的性状及其沉降性能的探讨

活性污泥法是最常见的污水处理工艺。该方法的关键是形成了活性污泥絮体。而这些絮体的性状,如表面性质(胞外聚合物、表面电荷、疏水性)和形态结构(粒径、孔隙率、分形维数)将影响后续固液分离过程的效率。目前一系列研究活性污泥絮体性状的实验测试方法已经建立。了解污泥表面基本信息,探究污泥絮体形态结构特征,充分认识污泥沉降性能与污泥絮体的物理、化学、生物因素的相关联系,可为改善固液分离效果提供新的信息和视角;并为活性污泥系统的参数设计,实际运行调控提供理论依据。     

涡凹气浮在化工区污水处理厂中的应用

摘要：化工园区中炼油、皮革、植物油生产与精炼、电镀、印染等的固体悬浮物、油脂及各种胶状物均需有效去除,防止污染水体．气浮单元去除各种工业废水中油脂及各种胶状物效果较好,现其广泛应用于工业废水的处理工艺中。汉沽现代产业区污水处理厂进水中总油含量较高,严重影响后续MBR．单元的运行,因此在生化池前增加气浮单元已保证MBR．膜组正常运行。此文章介绍了污水处理厂在气浮单元上的选择,通过对油的去除率来选择混凝剂和助凝剂及相应的药品投加量。