水解-生物接触氧化-化学投药工艺处理肉类加工废水

采用优势菌投入水解-生物接触氧化-化学投药法应用于肉类加工厂废水处理,通过工程实例,运行结果表明,处理出水水质能稳定达标,而且还具有投资费用少,运行费用低,管理方便等优点。     

辽河口营养要素的化学特性及其入海通量估算

本文根据１９９２年５月和８月辽河口水域营养要素的两次实测结果，讨论了溶解态无机氮（ＮＯ３＾－－Ｎ、ＮＯ２＾－－Ｎ、ＮＨ４＾＋－Ｎ）、活性磷酸盐（ＰＯ４＾３－－Ｐ）和活性硅酸盐（ＳｉＯ３＾２－Ｓｉ）在辽河口水域的含量，分布特征，化学特性及其入海通量。结果表明：辽河口水域溶解态无机氮含量范围为１２．１３￣２２２．７０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，活性磷酸盐含量范围为０．７１￣２．８１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，活性硅酸盐含量范围为     

我国污染场地化学氧化修复技术应用特征及再利用潜在腐蚀风险分析

化学氧化修复技术在国内有机污染场地修复中所占比例逐年快速增加,但是残留氧化剂、副产物等产生的再利用潜在腐蚀风险问题也引起了研究人员的关注. 首先,通过实际调研和网络检索对国内137个实际修复案例进行研究分析,总结出我国化学氧化法修复技术应用的4个主要特征,包括主要应用于中小型污染地块、水土协同修复且介质复杂、过硫酸盐占比过大且副产物较多、修复周期短且修复药剂过量现象严重;然后,针对应用最多的过硫酸盐氧化法修复技术,通过资料文献分析和国内外案例场地调研信息,梳理出修复后场地再利用过程中可能产生的残留氧化剂腐蚀、副产物盐分腐蚀及环境条件变化导致的微生物侵蚀等3种主要的腐蚀风险机理,以及定性及定量的腐蚀风险测试方法;最后,结合化学氧化过程及pH、氧化还原条件、盐分和微生物环境条件等发生短期、中期和长期的影响因素,提出了可将化学氧化修复后潜在腐蚀过程风险划分为三阶段的概念模型,以期为化学氧化修复技术实际应用及效果评估提供参考.      

Environmental chemical study on the marsh of Fatimid cemetery at Aswan City,Egypt

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｓｗａｎｇｏｖｅｒｎｏｒａｔｅ ,Ｅｇｙｐｔ ,ｉｓｆａｍｏｕｓｆｏｒｂｙｍｏｎｕｍｅｎｔｓ (Ａｎｃｉｅｎｔ,ＣｏｐｔｉｃａｎｄＩｓｌａｍｉｃ) .Ｔｈｅｆｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎａｒｅｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅａｎｄｃａｒｅｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｔａｋｅｎｔｏｓｅｅｔｈａｔｔｈｅｙａｒｅｃｏｎｓｏｌｉｄａｔｅｄａｎｄｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｅｄａｓｆｏｒａｓｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｉｎｆｉｌｔｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｗａｔｅｒ.Ｗａｔｅｒｉｓａｍａｊｏｒｃａｕｓｅｏｆｄａｍａｇｅ ,ｎｏ…     

Fenton试剂氧化法处理印染废水实验研究

通过将Fenton法应用于印染废水的处理,研究pH值、温度、反应时间、Fe2+投加量以及H2O2投加量对Fenton试剂处理印染废水的影响,同时确定Fenton法处理印染废水的最适反应条件。实验结果表明:(1)最适反应条件,即pH值、温度、反应时间、Fe2+投加量、H2O2投加量分别为3,50℃,45 min,70 mg/L,2.5 mL/L,此时COD的去除率最高,为66.60%。(2)pH值为3时,下列因素对COD的去除率影响程度大小依次为H2O2投加量Fe2+投加量反应时间反应温度。     

改性聚氨酯载体用于高氨氮废水处理的研究

利用聚丁二酰亚胺对聚氨酯泡沫体进行化学改性处理,研究改性载体固定化微生物处理高氨氮模拟废水的效果。结果表明:当聚氨酯单元与聚丁二酰亚胺单元摩尔比为10∶1时,对泡沫进行改性后聚氨酯泡沫载体亲水性能良好,且具有较高的微生物负载量。改性后泡沫体上具有化学活性的官能团增加,有利于通过载体结合法固定化微生物细胞;,改性后的聚氨酯泡沫体作为微生物固定化载体用于模拟废水处理时,对主要污染指标呈现良好的污染物去除效果。     

Investigation on Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd fractions in the natural surface coating samples and surficial sediments in the Songhua River, China

Natural surface coating samples （NSCSs） from the surface of shingles and surficial sediments （SSs） in the Songhua River, China were employed to investigate the relationship between NSCSs and SSs in fractions of heavy metals （Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd） using the modified sequential extraction procedure （MSEP）. The results show that the differences between NSCSs and SSs in Fe fi＇actions were insignificant and Fe was dominantly present as residual phase （76.22% for NSCSs and 80.88% for SSs） and Fe-oxides phase （20.33% for NSCSs and 16.15% for SSs）. Significant variation of Mn distribution patterns between NSCSs and SSs was observed with Mn in NSCSs mainly present in Mn-oxides phase （48.27%） and that in SSs present as residual phase （45.44%）. Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd were found dominantly in residual fractions （〉48%）, and next in solid oxides/hydroxides for Zn, Pb and Cd and in easily oxidizable solids/compounds form for Cu, respectively. The heavy metal distribution patterns implied that Fe/Mn oxides both in NSCSs and SSs were more important sinks for binding and adsorption of Zn, Pb and Cd than organic matter （OM）, and inversely, higher affinity of Cu to OM than Fe/Mn oxides in NSCSs and SSs was obtained. Meanwhile, it was found that the distributions of heavy metals in NSCSs and SSs were similar to each other and the pseudo-total concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd in NSCSs were greater than those in SSs, highlighting the more importance for NSCSs than SSs in controlling behaviours of heavy metals in aquatic environments.     

大连市夏季VOCs化学反应活性及来源

为了解大连市环境空气挥发性有机物（VOCs）污染特征及来源,基于2020年6~8月高时间分辨率VOCs在线观测数据,对大连市大气VOCs的浓度水平、组成特征、反应活性及来源情况进行了分析.结果表明φ（VOCs）的平均值为（10.21±5.71）×10^-9,其中烷烃占比为66.35%,烯烃为11.89%,炔烃为7.75%,芳香烃为14.01%.VOCs和NO_x呈现夜间高,白天低的特征,而O₃变化趋势相反.综合考虑物种活性,确定甲苯、乙烯、间/对-二甲苯、1-己烯、正丁烷、异戊烷、正戊烷和异戊二烯是影响大连市大气VOCs的关键物种,优先控制烯烃和芳香烃类化合物的排放是改善大连市夏季O₃污染的关键.PMF源解析结果显示交通源（26.38%）、燃烧源（22.75%）、工业排放源（17.09%）、溶剂使用源（14.59%）、天然源（11.72%）和其他（7.47%）为监测期间VOCs的主要来源,交通源和燃烧源排放是大连市夏季O₃防控的重点污染源.     

麦秸腐解产生的化感物质对小麦生长及产量影响的小试结果

麦秸腐解产生的化感物质对小麦生长及产量影响的小试结果马瑞霞,刘秀芬,袁克林,孙思恩（中科院生态环境研究中心,北京１０００８５）在农业实践中,当人们分析农作物减产原因时,传统的从水、肥、种及病虫害几方面进行分析,而农田中的化学作用长期被忽视．自７０年代...     

Phytotoxicity assessment of phenanthrene, pyrene and their mixtures by a soil-based seedling emergence test

Seedling emergence tests were conducted in a meadow brown soil using five plant species ( i. e., Chinese cabbage, green onion, tomato, turnip and wheat) to determine the phytotoxicity of phenanthrene, pyrene and their mixtures. The soil was amended with up to 1000mg/kg soil of phenanthrene or 600 mg/kg soil of pyrene. Seedling emergence and root growth were measured. The results indicated that root elongation was more sensitive than seedling emergence. Root length decreased with increasing phenanthrene or pyrene concentrations(p≤0.05). Phenanthrene was more phytotoxic than pyrene. The lowest observable adverse effect concentration(LOAEC) was 10mg/kg for phenanthrene when tested with green onion, and 50mg/kg for pyrene when tested with wheat. Among the five species, wheat was found to be the most sensitive. When amended jointly at or below their respective LOAEC, phenanthrene and pyrene produced a synergistic toxic effect.