名媒速览

《新闻周刊》（2010年10月刊）水资源之争 在水资源日益紧张的今天,大公司对水资源展开竞争的态势。越来越多的商业公司介入对饮用水的争夺,这已经形成了一条产业链,如美国的淡水像原油一样被运到印度的孟买,然后在孟买装瓶最后卖到中东,连水资源也被商业化了。     

世界航空史上死亡人数最多的十大空难

正NO.1特内里费空难1977年3月27日傍晚,在西班牙特内里费岛上,两架波音747巨无霸客机在跑道上高速相撞。其中,荷航飞机上的257人全部遇难,泛美航班上则有54人奇迹般地生还。由于发生事故的两架飞机都是满载油料与人员状态的大型客机,因此事件造成两机上多达583名乘客与组员死亡。这是直到2001年"911"事件发生前,因为飞机而引发的灾难中死伤人数最多的一起,也是迄今为止死伤最惨重的空难意外。     

南亚地震应急反应启示

2005年10月8日当地时间8时50分36．0秒,在巴基斯坦（北纬34．4度,东经73.6度）发生7．8级强烈地震．波及印度,阿富汗、印尼等国。地震给巴基斯坦造成重大经济损失和人员伤亡,约有8．6万人在地震中遇难,10多万人受伤,330万人无家可归。重创后的火区重建需要50亿美元和10年时间。印度官方统计．印控地区死亡约1000多人。     

印度洋地震海啸灾害浅析

地震震级大,震源浅 2004年12川26日发生在印度尼西亚苏门答腊附近海域的地震震级达8．7级,属于特大地震。地震发牛在澳大利亚板块与印度板块两大全球构造板块的交界处。地震区内,印度板块,相对缅甸板块,以6厘米／年速度向西北方向运动,住巽他海槽斜向俯冲收敛。印度板块向缅甸板块下长期俯冲,积累了巨大的应力和能量,突然释放,引起地壳剧烈震动。又由于震源浅(仅10公里),对海水的扰动强烈,从而引发了巨大的海啸。     

密切跟踪科学判定——宁洱6.4级地震的预测预报工作

云南省地处印度板块与欧亚板块中国大陆的碰撞带东缘,地质构造运动剧烈,地震活动以频度高、震级大、分布广而著称,在4%的国土范围内承受了全国20%以上的地震灾害,是国内外地学研究者高度关注的地区之一。根据20世纪以来的地震活动资料统计,云南平均每年发生三四次5级地震,每3年发     

Speciation and bioaccessibility of lead and cadmium in soil treated with metal-enriched Indian mustard leaves

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.) has shown good potential for the phytoremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals. However, there is little information about the speciation and bioaccessibility of heavy metals in soil during the decomposition of metal-rich Indian mustard leaves. Incubation experiments (1-, 3-, and 6-month) were carried out in Beijing and Hunan soil with metal-rich Indian mustard leaves addition (1% and 3%) and the e ects of mustard leaves addition on the speciation and bioaccessibility of heavy metals were studied. The results showed that the addition of mustard leaves led to significant increases in pH and DOC in the Hunan soil. Both 1% and 3% of mustard leaf amendment caused the percentage of the exchangeable (F1), precipitated with carbonates (F2), bound to Fe/Mn oxides (F3) and bound to organic matter (F4) fractions of Pb and Cd to increase dramatically, while the percentage of the residual fraction (F5) of Cd and Pb significantly dropped in both Beijing and Hunan soils. Mustard leaf addition caused the bioaccessibility of Pb to decrease in the gastric phase, whereas the values increased in the small intestinal phase. The Cd bioaccessibility increased with mustard leaf addition in both the gastric and small intestinal phases. In conclusion, the metal-enriched mustard leaves addition induces Pb and Cd concentrations and their mobility increasing in the Beijing and Hunan soils. Therefore, heavy metal risk in metal-enriched plant leaves should be considered in phytoremediation system in which heavy metal might be brought back to soil and changed over time.     

Distribution of cadmium in oilseed rape and Indian mustard grown on cadmium contaminated soil

Heavy metal distribution in the specialized accumulating plants was important for phytoextraction technique. Hydroponic and pot experiment were conducted to investigated Cd phytoextraction ability and Cd distribution in the plant of oilseed rape species. The results showed that oilseed rape Chuanyou Ⅱ-10 was more effective in phytoexetraction Cd among 21 varieties of oilseed rape and indicator plant Indian mustard. Cd concentration in the shoot of Chuanyou Ⅱ-10 and Indian mustard gradually decreased with an increase in growth period, while the amount of Cd uptake increased with the increase of growth period. There was constantly decrease in Cd concentration from the base leaves to the top leaves of Chuanyou Ⅱ-10 and Indian mustard, the percentages of Cd uptake in older leaves were higher than those of younger leaves. Older leaves of Chuanyou Ⅱ-10 and Indian mustard extracted more Cd for the Cd contamination soil, leaves should as far as possible develop before they reached the soil and the older leaves were harvested in priority.     

ENSO对我国江南及印度降水影响的比较

根据近百年我国江南和印度的降水资料,对比分析了其各季降水与ＥＮＳＯ的关系。统计表明,Ｅ１Ｎｉｎｏ发生时印度夏季和秋季降水的减少最显著,分别比多年平均减少４．５％和６．０％,Ｌａ Ｎｉｎａ时则分别增加６．６％和８．１％。对我国江南降水影响最显著的是冬季,在Ｅ１ Ｎｉｎｏ事件时降水比多年平均偏多１８．５％,Ｌａ Ｎｉｎａ时则偏低了１７．７％。降水的年代际变化可以影响ＥＮＳＯ与降水的关系。９０年代江南处     

胶质芽孢杆菌对印度芥菜富集土壤Cd及土壤pH的影响

采用根袋法盆栽试验,研究接种活菌量浓度分别为1×1010 cfu·kg-1 (T1)和2×1010 cfu·kg-1(T2)的胶质芽孢杆菌,对印度芥菜富集土壤Cd、土壤有效态Cd含量及土壤pH的影响.结果表明,以不接种菌液作为对照,处理T1、T2地上部分生物富集系数分别为13.58、16.83,与对照相比分别提高42.95％、77.16％;地下部分生物富集系数分别为4.35、4.83,分别比对照提高24.64％、38.40％;土壤的净化率分别是对照的1.73、2.20倍.对照组土壤有效态Cd含量随着时间的延长而降低,根际和非根际土壤分别降低32.93％和45.54％;但T1和T2处理中,根际、非根际土壤有效态Cd含量分别提高15.15％、31.73％和36.54％、45.28％.收获时,处理T1、T2根际土壤pH降低率分别是对照的1.08、1.10倍.不同浓度胶质芽孢杆菌处理下土壤pH与有效态Cd含量均呈显著负线性关系.综上,胶质芽孢杆菌主要是通过改变土壤pH来影响土壤Cd生物有效性,从而促进超富集植物的修复效果.本研究可为微生物辅助植物修复重金属污染土壤提供一定理论依据和实践指导.     

印度气候变化展望

印度气候变化展望Ｒ．Ｋ．Ｐａｃｈａｕｒｉ，塔塔能源研究所所长，ＩｎｄｉａＨａｂｉｔａｔＣｅｎｔｒｅ，ＬｏｄｉＲｏａｄ，ＮｅｗＤｅｌｈｉ－１１０００３，Ｉｎｄｉａ自从全球变暖和气候变化威胁的论战进入重要全球问题领域而涉及全世界的科学界与政治界以来，塔塔...