生物岛理论及其应用

一些被保留的小块森林具有较好的生态功能,它们成为许多原生物种的居留地,是小型的自然保护区,是活的基因库,平衡着城市、农业、林业等生态系统的生态平衡。阐述了生物岛的概念、意义、结构及应用。     

浅议适合崇明生态岛定位的环保产业

随着国民经济的快速增长,我国的环境问题日益突出,环保产业也得到了迅速发展.崇明作为"上海最后一块生态净土",在环保产业发展方面有着巨大的潜力.文章在综合分析有关文献的基础上,明确了环保产业的分类,并结合崇明岛的实际情况,提出适合崇明生态岛定位的环保产业发展项目,并给出了相应的保障措施.     

淇澳岛红树林生态系统中重金属含量相关性

采集珠海淇澳岛北部大围湾的红树林区潮间带沉积物和植物组织样品若干,测定各样品中Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb的含量,四种重金属含量在各沉积物中、各植物组织中以及沉积物和植物组织之间的相关性。研究表明,沉积物中Pb和Zn含量呈极强正相关,Pb、Zn与Cd含量之间呈强正相关,其他各类重金属之间的相关性不显著。四种重金属与沉积物颗粒形态相关性均不显著。红树植物各组织对四种重金属的富集系数范围为0.001~0.72,0.006~0.39,0.053~1.97和0.004~0.24,富集能力与林龄正相关,其中对Zn、Cd和Pb的富集系数与土壤中含量呈负相关,表明在过高重金属污染胁迫的环境中红树植物有自行降低富集能力以避免被伤害的趋势。     

Emissions of C2 – C12 hydrocarbons in the Hsuehshan tunnel, Taiwan

The concentrations of 56 hydrocarbons from C2 to C12 were measured simultaneously in the southbound bore, the northbound bore and the exhaust air shafts of the Hsuehshan tunnel near Yilan, Taiwan for 12 days during 2007 and 2008. A total of 60 integrated air samples were collected using stainless steel canisters and analyzed using GC/FID and GC/MS. The five most abundant species in all samples were ethylene, acetylene, isopentane, propylene and toluene. The exit/entrance ratios of total non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) concentration were 7.8 and 4.8 for the southbound and northbound bores, respectively. Furthermore, the exhaust from the vertical shafts affects air quality in the neighborhood. The most abundant species of emission rate (ER) was toluene (21.93–42.89 mg/sec), followed by isopentane, ethylene, propylene and 1-butene, with ER ranging from 2.50 to 9.31 mg/sec. The species in the three exhaust air shafts showed that the reactivities of these emissions are similar to those of vehicle emissions. Notably, the control of emissions in the vertical shafts of the vehicle tunnel will be important in the future.     

Applying model simulation and photochemical indicators to evaluate ozone sensitivity in southern Taiwan

Ozone sensitivity was investigated using CAMx simulations and photochemical indicator ratios at three sites (Pingtung City, Chao- Chou Town, and Kenting Town) in Pingtung County in southern Taiwan during 2003 and 2004. The CAMx simulations compared fairly well with the hourly concentrations of ozone. Simulation results also showed that Pingtung City was mainly a volatile organic compounds (VOC)-sensitive regime, while Chao-Chou Town was either a VOC-sensitive or a NOx-sensitive regime, depending on the seasons. Measurements of three photochemical indicators (H2O2, HNO3, and NOy) were conducted, and simulated three transition ranges of H2O2/HNO3 (0.5–0.8), O3/HNO3 (10.3–16.2) and O3/NOy (5.7–10.8) were adopted to assess the ozone sensitive regime at the three sites. The results indicated that the three transition ranges yield consistent results with CAMx simulations at most times at Pingtung City. However, both VOC-sensitive and NOx-sensitive regimes were important at the rural site Chao-Chou Town. Kenting Town, a touring site at the southern end of Taiwan, was predominated by a NOx-sensitive regime in four seasons.     

Distribution and characteristic of PAHs in snow of Fildes Peninsula

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) investigation in different matrices has been reported largely, whereas reports on snow samples were limited. Snow, as the main matrix in the polar region, has an important study meaning. PAHs in snow samples were analyzed to investigate the distribution and contamination status of them in the Antarctic, as well as to provide some references for global migration of PAHs. Snow samples collected in Fildes Peninsula were enriched and separated by solid-phase membrane disks and eluted by methylene dichloride, then quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. All types of PAHs were detected except for Benzo(a)pyrene. Principal component analysis method was applied to characterize them. Three factors (Naphthalene, Fluorene and Phenanthrene) accounted for 60.57%, 21.61% and 9.80%, respectively. The results showed that the major PAHs sources maybe the atmospheric transportation, and the combustion of fuel in Fildes Peninsula. The comparison of concentration and types of PAHs between accumulated snow and fresh snow showed that the main compound concentrations in accumulated snow samples were higher than those in fresh ones. The risk assessment indicated that the amount of PAHs in the snow samples would not lead to ecological risk.     

红树林湿地沉积物中AVS-SEM与重金属分布特征——以珠江口淇澳岛为例

红树林湿地沉积物的独特理化性质使其能够大量富集河口重金属,为了研究珠江口湿地沉积物中AVS-SEM与重金属的分布特征及影响因素,采用重铬酸钾氧化-还原容量法、并联氮载气冷法酸溶硫化物分析法、等离子体发射光谱法及X射线荧光光谱法等分析了淇澳岛红树林不同生境下沉积物柱状样的基本理化性质、酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)、同步浸提...     

近百年来珠江口淇澳岛滨海湿地沉积物重金属累积及生态危害评价

河口地区细颗粒沉积物在输运和沉积过程中记录了人类活动的信息.对珠江口淇澳岛滨海湿地柱状沉积物进行粒度和测年分析结果表明,该地区沉积物以黏土质粉砂为主,沉积物黏土和粉砂含量及平均粒径均表现为由底向表逐渐增大的趋势,59 cm以上的沉积速率为4.15 cm·a-1,59 cm以下的沉积速率为0.97 cm·a-1.沉积物重...     

饭岛伸子与环境社会学

饭岛伸子是日本东京都立大学教授、著名环境社会学家.她重视环境社会学及环境与社会、社会与环境关系研究,为促进环境社会学的繁荣和进步做出了重要贡献. 确立对象及方法 学术界对环境社会学的对象和方法有许多论述,但这些论述不是过于笼统就是过于含糊.饭岛伸子避免了这些不足,以精确的语言表述对环境社会学的对象和方法的看法.饭岛伸子认为,"环境社会学是研究人类所处的自然的、物理的、化学的环境与人类群体关系的一门学问"、"是把受环境变化的影响且又影响环境的人类群体和人类社会的结构及其变化作为直接研究对象的一门科学."     

舟山六横岛附近海域沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价

根据2010年3月、6月对舟山六横岛邻近海域表层沉积物重金属调查资料,采用单因子指数法和Hakanson生态风险指数法对Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Hg、As、Cr元素进行分析与评价,并与2010年8月舟山嵊泗近岸海域表层沉积物质量进行比较。研究结果表明:该海域沉积物综合污染程度为中等水平,各种元素污染程度高低依次为Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb>Cr>As>Hg,主要重金属污染因子为Zn、Cu、Cd元素。总体而言,该海域沉积物潜在生态风险性低,风险程度高低依次为Cd>Hg>Cu>Pb>As>Cr>Zn,其中各站位Cd的生态风险参数均值大于40,Cd为该海域的最大潜在生态风险因子。