维生素A合成废水难降解成分的定性分析及处理建议

采用吹扫捕集气相色谱-质谱法定性分析了维生素A生产企业污水处理厂的出水和现场中试出水中主要残留难降解成分。结果表明两种出水中10.7 min出峰的物质是含量最高最主要的难降解成分,是COD降不下去的最主要原因。结合维生素A合成工艺、这个物质的物理、化学性质、水样的颜色、气味确定了该物质是3-甲基-1-戊烯-4-炔-3-醇,并从可能的代谢途径分析了该物质难以降解的原因。并从合成工艺和污水处理工艺方面提出了污水处理的建议。     

Application of waste frying oils in the biosynthesis of biodemulsifier by a demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp. S-XJ-1

Exploration of biodemulsifiers has become a new research aspect. Using waste frying oils (WFOs) as carbon source to synthesize biodemulsifiers has a potential prospect to decrease production cost and to improve the application of biodemulsifiers in the oilfield. In this study, a demulsifying strain, Alcaligenes sp. S-XJ-1, was investigated to synthesize a biodemulsifier using waste frying oils as carbon source. It was found that the increase of initial pH of culture medium could increase the biodemulsifier yield but decrease the demulsification ratio compared to that using paraffin as carbon source. In addition, a biodemulsifier produced by waste frying oils and paraffin as mixed carbon source had a lower demulsification capability compared with that produced by paraffin or waste frying oil as sole carbon source. Fed-batch fermentation of biodemulsifier using waste frying oils as supplementary carbon source was found to be a suitable method. Mechanism of waste frying oils utilization was studied by using tripalmitin, olein and tristearin as sole carbon sources to synthesize biodemulsifier. The results showed saturated long-chain fatty acid was difficult for S-XJ-1 to utilize but could effectively enhance the demulsification ability of the produced biodemulsifier. Moreover, FT-IR result showed that the demulsification capability of biodemulsifiers was associated with the content of C=O group and nitrogen element.     

Synthesis and adsorption performance of lead ion-imprinted micro-beads with combination of two functional monomers

Synthesis and high adsorption and selectivity performance of lead ion-imprinted micro-beads with combination of two functional monomers.     

Biodegradation of Crystal Violet by Agrobacterium radiobacter

Agrobacterium radiobacter MTCC 8161 completely decolorized the Crystal Violet with 8 hr (10 mg/L) at static anoxic conditions. The decreased decolorization capability by A. radiobacter was observed, when the Crystal Violet concentration was increased from 10 to 100 mg/L. Semi-synthetic medium containing 1% yeast extract and 0.1% NH4Cl has shown 100% decolorization of Crystal Violet within 5 hr. A complete degradation of Crystal Violet by A. radiobacter was observed up to 7 cycles of repeated addition (10 mg/L). When the effect of increasing inoculum concentration on decolorization of Crystal Violet (100 mg/L) was studied, maximum decolorization was observed with 15% inoculum concentration. A significant increase in the activities of laccase (184%) and aminopyrine N-demethylase (300%) in cells obtained after decolorization indicated the involvement of these enzymes in decolorization process. The intermediates formed during the degradation of Crystal Violet were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). It was detected the presence of N,N,N′,N′′-tetramethylpararosaniline, [N; N-dimethylaminophenyl] [N-methylaminophenyl] benzophenone, N; N-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 4-methyl amino phenol and phenol. We proposed the hypothetical metabolic pathway of Crystal Violet biodegradation by A. radiobacter. Phytotoxicity and microbial toxicity study showed that Crystal Violet biodegradation metabolites were less toxic to bacteria (A. radiobacter, P. aurugenosa and A. vinelandii) contributing to soil fertility and for four kinds of plants (Sorghum bicolor, Vigna radiata, Lens culinaris and Triticum aestivum) which are most sensitive, fast growing and commonly used in Indian agriculture.     

聚硅酸铝盐系列絮凝剂的制备

摘要：硅酸钠、硫酸铝为原料制备了聚硅酸硫酸铝絮凝剂,在此基础上制备了不同Zn／Si摩尔比的聚硅酸硫酸铝锌絮凝剂及不同Mg／Si摩尔比的聚硅酸硫酸铝镁絮凝剂。结果表明：Zn／Si摩尔比和Mg／Si摩尔比是影响絮凝效果的最主要的因素。     

单臂冠醚—金属卟啉配合物的合成与表征

利用磺酰氯键将苯并15-冠-5和5-(2-羟基苯基)- 10,15,20-三(4-硝基苯基)交联,合成了单臂冠醚一卟啉配体(CNTPP)及其金属配合物(CNIPPMn和CNTPPCo).通过红外光谱、紫外吸收光谱与光电子能谱对化合物和配合物进行结构分析表明,在489cm-1和480cm-1出现M-N键的吸收蜂,在1360cm-1和1363cm-1处有S=O键吸收峰.配位中心离子进入卟啉环后引起配合物CNTPPM分子的对称性提高,使Sorct带发生位移,且N原子与金属离子形成配位键后,其中一对N电子结合能升高,另外一对N原子下降,且导致配合物中M2p3/2的电子结合能变大.     

全力打造生态农化企业——记江苏长青农化股份有限公司节能减排之路

江苏长青农化股份有限公司创建于1970年,是一家集科研、原药合成及制剂加工为一体的综合性大型农化企业,目前公司已全面通过ISO9001质量、ISO14001环境、GB/T28001职业健康"三位一体"体系认证。     

机器学习在碳基环境功能材料领域的应用研究进展

随着环境功能材料领域产生的数据量及其数据复杂性急剧增加,高成本、长周期的传统实验手段已无法迎合目前功能材料的发展趋势。近年来迅速发展的机器学习能对数据进行深入挖掘和解析,有望为此类问题提供有效的解决方案。机器学习具备效率高、精度高等优势,有效弥补了传统"试错"方式的不足。介绍了机器学习的基本工作原理和算法,从预测理化性质、辅助微观表征和指导新型材料合成3个方面简述了机器学习在环境碳基功能材料领域中的应用研究进展,分析了机器学习在该领域的问题与挑战,展望了机器学习方法在环境碳基功能材料领域的前景与发展趋势。     

“可再生”聚羧酸盐凝胶-碱复合净水材料的原位合成及应用

为高效、经济及绿色地净化含铜废水,基于新的原位合成方法,制备新型聚羧酸盐凝胶-碱复合净水材料,用于对含铜废水的高效“可再生”净化. 以一种活性杂环型阳离子单体(N,N-二烯丙基-3-羟基杂氮环丁烷氯化铵,DHAC)和丙烯酸(AA)为基本原料,通过“预聚+交联”的新型反应过程,构建开环交联型聚羧酸盐凝胶骨架(ROPCG),并产生原位包覆效应,实现对溶液体系中NaOH的100%包覆,获得高效的ROPCG-NaOH复合净水材料. 结果表明:①基于“吸附+沉淀”协同的双重作用机制,ROPCG-NaOH材料实现了对含铜废水的高效净化,每g ROPCG-NaOH复合净水材料可去除384.62 mg的铜离子,同等净水能力优于大部分同类产品. ②ROPCG-NaOH复合净水材料仅通过简单的“预聚+交联”反应过程即可获得,且主要的生产原料为商业易得的常规原料,具有简单易得、绿色环保的特性,综合考虑ROPCG-NaOH复合净水材料具有明显的应用优势. ③ROPCG-NaOH材料废渣可再生为有用的ROPCG凝胶吸附剂,再生ROPCG凝胶吸附剂的铜吸附容量为276.24 mg/g,与单纯ROPCG凝胶吸附剂的铜吸附容量(286.53 mg/g)接近,重复再生率为96.55%. 研究显示,ROPCG-NaOH复合净水材料能高效、经济、绿色及“可再生性”地处理水中铜离子,应用前景良好.      

CTAB作用下绿色合成纳米铁的制备及降解孔雀绿

化学合成纳米铁存在成本高和二次污染等问题,探寻低成本、环境友好的合成方法是纳米技术在环境修复中的研究热点之一.本课题组前期采用绿茶提取液(GTE)还原Fe2+合成纳米铁颗粒(Fe NPs),发现GTE合成的Fe NPs易被氧化和团聚.本文采用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对绿色合成纳米铁形貌和粒径进行改善,提高了纳米铁颗粒的分散性和抗氧化性.通过SEM、XRD、FT-IR、UV-vis等表征手段对GTE合成的Fe NPs和CTAB作用下合成的Fe NPs的微观结构表征以及对孔雀绿降解效果对比表明:CTAB作用下合成的Fe NPs分散均匀,CTAB的包覆提高了Fe NPs的稳定性,从而提高了Fe NPs的反应活性.GTE合成的Fe NPs对孔雀绿的去除率为75.66%,而CTAB作用下绿色合成的Fe NPs的去除率高达91.06%.最后,提出了CTAB作用下GTE合成Fe NPs的可能机理.