后置固相反硝化滤池工艺沿程微生物特性

为解决现有低碳源污水处理工艺能耗高、工艺复杂和脱氮效果不佳等问题,提出一种新型的混凝沉淀/后置固相反硝化滤池工艺.为了从微生物角度来解释该工艺的宏观脱氮效果,采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）技术研究了工艺中生物滤池沿程微生物群落结构的变化规律及脱氮功能菌的类型.结果表明,硝化滤池内生物膜中微生物的多样性和丰度沿上向流方向呈逐渐上升的趋势,且硝化细菌在顶端富集,而固相反硝化滤池呈先上升后下降的趋势,反硝化菌在中部富集.硝化滤池中的优势菌株为硝化细菌Nitrosomonas sp. Nm47和Candidatus Nitrospira defluvii;固相反硝化滤池中的优势菌株为反硝化菌Rubrivivas gelatinosus和固体碳源降解反硝化菌Myxobacteria.     

Evaluation of a cost e ective technique for treating aquaculture water discharge using Lolium perenne Lam as a biofilter

Wastewater stabilization ponds generate low cost by-products that are useful for agriculture. The utilization of these by-products for soil amendment and as a source of nutrients for plants requires a high level of sanitation and stabilization of the organic matter, to maintain acceptable levels of soil, water and air quality. In this study, two aquaculture wastewater treatment systems; recirculating system and a floating plant bed system were designed to improve the quality of irrigation water in local communities with low income. In both systems the grass species Lolium perenne Lam was used as a plant biofilter while vegetable specie Amaranthus viridis was used to evaluate the performance of the system and the suitability of the phyto-treated water for irrigation. It was found that the harmful material removal rate for recirculating system was 88.9% for TAN （total ammonia nitrogen）, 90% for NO2--N, 64.8% for NO3--N while for floating plant bed system 82.7% for TAN, 82% for NO2--N and 60.5% for NO3--N. Comparative analysis of the efficiency of waste element removal between the two systems revealed that both systems performed well, however, plant growth was not robust for floating plant bed system while recirculating system is energy consuming. Although both systems did not attain sufficient levels of TN （total nitrogen） and TP （total phosphorus） load reduction, the treatment with L. perenne remarkably improved the irrigation water quality. A. viridis plants irrigated with the phyto-treated discharge water had lesser concentrations of heavy metals in their tissues compared to those irrigated with untreated discharge. The control plants irrigated with untreated discharge were also found to be highly lignified with few stems and small leaves.     

刻骨铭心的工作票

我是扬子石化炼油厂加氢车间的一名职工,如今已经从一线工作岗位转到管理岗位,但是十几年前发生的一起事故,让我至今刻骨铭心,我经常对年轻职工讲起它. 那是1995年,我刚参加工作不久,担任车间的安全员.8月的一天,我们厂裂解装置检修完毕,开车一次成功,大家的心情都很愉快.那一天是开车后的第一趟值班,正好轮到我.     

高压注水中水对瓦斯解吸影响试验研究

为了解高压注水后水对含瓦斯煤中瓦斯解吸的影响,利用自主设计的外液侵入条件下瓦斯解吸试验装置,在环境温度为20℃条件下,分别开展了无水侵入和有水侵入后水对含瓦斯煤中瓦斯解吸影响的对比试验,其瓦斯吸附平衡压力分别为2.5MPa,2.0MPa,1.5MPa,1.0MPa,而环境压力则分别为2.0MPa,1.5MPa,1.0MPa,0.5MPa,瓦斯吸附平衡压力与所处的环境压力之差均为0.5MPa,共进行了四组对比试验,并对试验数据进行了对比分析。结果表明:水的后置侵入不仅会使瓦斯解吸量大大减少,而且还会使瓦斯解吸的终止时间提前。因此,在评价高压注水对提高瓦斯抽采效果时,不仅要考虑高压水对煤层的增透作用以及对瓦斯的驱动作用,还应综合考虑水对瓦斯解吸的损害影响。     

过滤器处理含聚采油污水滤料流失及改进技术研究

为解决石英砂过滤器处理聚驱污水过程中出现的滤料板结、反冲洗憋压、滤料流失问题,通过对石英砂过滤器进行了改造,利用搅拌装置破碎滤饼层,经现场测试,搅拌式石英砂过滤器反冲洗压力由原来的0.27~0.46Mpa降低到0.12~0.16 Mpa,滤料流失得以解决。在来水含油和悬浮固体平均41 mg/L和21 mg/L,总滤后水质含油达到5.8 mg/L以下,出水悬浮固体3.2 mg/L。油和悬浮固体去除率分别提高85%和86%。     

沙滤器回洗水薄膜过滤法

介绍了荷兰新近研究成功的适用于处理沙粒过滤器回洗水的XIGA薄膜法,及其参数、工作原理、适用条件和经济效益。     

沙滤器回洗水薄膜过滤法

介绍了荷兰新近研究成功的适用于处理沙粒过滤器回洗水的ＸＩＧＡ薄膜法，及其参数，工作原理，适用条件和经济效益。     

水的后置侵入对瓦斯解吸影响试验研究

利用自主设计的外液条件下瓦斯解吸试验装置,首次进行了无水侵入和外来水侵入后含瓦斯煤的瓦斯解吸对比试验.共进行6组,瓦斯吸附平衡压力分别为3.5 MPa、3.0 MPa、2.5 MPa、2.0 MPa、1.5MPa、1.0MPa,环境压力分别为3.0 MPa、2.5 MPa、2.0 MPa、1.5 MPa、1.0MPa、0.5 MPa,含瓦斯煤的内外压力差为0.5 MPa,获得了相关试验数据以及6组瓦斯累积解吸量变化对比曲线.结果表明,在对含瓦斯煤实施水力压裂后,外来水的后置侵入不仅会使瓦斯解吸量大大减少,而且还会使瓦斯解吸的终止时间提前；在压差为0.5 MPa条件下,有水侵入后的瓦斯解吸量仅为无水侵入时瓦斯解吸量的23％～45％,平均降低了67.5％,同时瓦斯解吸终止时间提前约1h.水的后置侵入对瓦斯解吸具有损害作用,该损害作用源于水在孔隙中形成的毛细管阻力.因此,在评价是否采用水力压裂时,应从煤层渗透率、水驱气、水对瓦斯解吸损害影响3个方面综合考虑.     

一种废气处理方法和装置

该发明公开了一种对半导体生产线、集成电路器件生产线等所产生的废气进行处理的废气处理装置。被风扇吸排的废气首先通过层状活性炭除味过滤器进行预过滤，将废气中的气相和／或汽相带有异味的物质除去；接着废气通过袋式除尘器将粉尘等除去。进入袋式除尘器内的废气已经通过预过滤器将附着性较强的气相和／或汽相的带有异味的物质除去，