隧道出渣过程粉尘扩散规律研究

为了掌握公路隧道钻爆法施工粉尘浓度的分布规律,以某大断面隧道出渣过程为研究对象,首先布置测点并现场采样测定粉尘浓度;然后基于测定结果,利用GAMBIT进行建模,通过FLUENT数值模拟软件对出渣过程粉尘运动规律进行数值模拟,并将FLUENT模拟出的结果与现场实测结果进行比较。结果表明:涡流区粉尘浓度相对较高,装渣处粉尘浓度最高;随着距掌子面距离的增加粉尘浓度呈逐步下降的趋势。本研究为更好的控制隧道内粉尘浓度提供了理论依据。     

藻源性黑水团环境效应:对水-沉积物界面氮磷变化的驱动作用

利用自制的静态模拟实验装置,通过连续抽取间隙水来研究藻细胞沉降在沉积物表面后对水-沉积物界面处的N、P变化的驱动作用及影响效果.结果表明,藻细胞沉降后,在50 min内就完全消耗掉水-沉积物界面处的溶解氧,同时水体出现严重的发黑、发臭现象;形成的厌氧、强还原环境,使得死亡的藻细胞在界面处发生强烈的厌氧矿化作用,界面处的水溶性PO34--P、NH 4+-N在实验的第2 d开始向上覆水中扩散,含量不断增加.至实验结束时(实验第8 d),界面处PO34--P、NH 4+-N的含量分别达到4.00 mg/L、39.45 mg/L,分别为同期对照实验样柱中的10倍和241倍(对照样柱中的PO43--P、NH 4+-N的含量分别为0.42 mg/L、0.16 mg/L).藻细胞的厌氧矿化加剧了氮磷营养盐向上覆水的扩散,在加重水体营养盐含量的同时,也为藻华的再次发生提供了物质基础.     

老化对六六六在土壤中可提取态含量及其生物有效性的影响

用室内模拟试验的方法研究了老化作用对六六六在土壤中可提取态含量变化及其在蚯蚓(Eisenia foetida)体内的生物富集规律.结果表明,六六六在土壤中的可提取态含量随着时间延长逐渐降低,下降速率呈现初始较快、而后减慢的趋势.在开始60 d老化时间内,α-六六六、β-六六六、γ-六六六和δ-六六六在土壤中的老化减少量是其初始添加量的57.2%、50%、52.2%和43.2%,分别是其在180 d内老化减少量的90.5%、87.4%、72.4%和84.4%.六六六在蚯蚓体内的生物富集量和生物富集系数也表现出和老化相似的规律.不同老化时间内,六六六在蚯蚓体内的生物富集量表现为α-六六六>β-六六六>δ-六六六>γ-六六六.生物富集系数在开始的15 d为γ-六六六>α-六六六>β-六六六>δ-六六六;而后呈α-六六六>β-六六六>acillus cereus efficiently debγ-rominated and degrade-六六六>δ-六六六的规律.老化使六六六在土壤中的可提取态含量和生物有效性降低,但仍可以在蚯蚓体内有一定的生物富集,对土壤生态安全的威胁依然存在.     

城市水源地水质指标年内分配的不均匀变化

以昆明市主要供水水源（松华坝水库）的总氮、总磷、氮氨、高锰酸盐指数为研究对象,借鉴水文界经验,应用集中度、不均匀系数和调节系数概念,计算并分析比较了集中度、不均匀系数和调节系数在水质指标年内分配规律中的适用性。研究表明：集中度、不均匀系数和调节系数可从不同侧面反映了水质变化的年内分布特征,且3个指标在不同时间尺度间具有明显的一致性,因此,在水质监测中只需要应用每个季度的监测数据就能反映出水质变化的年内分配不均匀性。     

浙江南麂海域双壳贝类的腹泻性贝毒分析

为了研究腹泻性贝毒(diarrhetic shellfish poisoning,DSP)在我国浙江南麂海域的分布,于2006年4月～2007年3月在浙江南麂海域的主要水产养殖区设立了六个采样点,以厚壳贻贝、条纹隔贻贝、紫贻贝、虾夷扇贝、太平洋牡蛎、野生牡蛎为对象逐月采样,用小白鼠生物测定法进行腹泻性贝毒测定。结果显示,南麂海域DSP检出率和超标率都较高,分别达到了63.3%和56.7%;DSP检出率和超标率在夏季最高,冬季最低;DSP地理分布范围较广,几乎包括了整个南麂海域;易于积累DSP的主要贝类为养殖的虾夷扇贝和紫贻贝,野生的牡蛎、条纹隔贻贝和厚壳贻贝。     

宝钢中厚板分公司煤干燥机除尘系统风量调整技术探究

文章针对宝钢股份中厚板分公司炼铁厂煤干燥机除尘系统吸尘点冒灰,粉尘无组织排放超标的现象进行了测试分析,数据表明主要由除尘系统风量匹配不佳、吸尘点风量不合理造成。笔者通过不断调整阀门及风机档板开摩,测试调整后的风量、除尘性能、岗位粉尘浓度等参数,确定了一个合理的系统风量,不仅可以达到环境排放及职业卫生的要求,而且充分挖掘了除尘系统潜力,达到了节能降耗、经济运行的目的,同时对类似除尘系统风量匹配不佳、扬尘等问题也形成了有效的解决方案。     

Combined toxicity of copper and cadmium to six rice genotypes （Oryza sativa L.）

Accumulation of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) in six rice cultivars (94D-22, 94D-54, 94D-64, Gui630, YY-1 and KY1360) was evaluated through exposure to heavy metal contamination (100 mg/kg Cu, 1.0 mg/kg Cd, and 100 mg/kg Cu + 1.0 mg/kg Cd) in a greenhouse. The dry weight of shoot and root, concentrations of Cu and Cd in plant tissues and the Cu, Cd, P, Fe concentrations in the root surface iron plaques were analyzed eight weeks later after treatment. The results indicated that the plant biomass was mainly determined by rice genotypes, not Cu and Cd content in soil. Separated treatment with Cu/Cd increased each metal level in shoot, root and iron plaques. Soil Cu enhanced Cd accumulation in tissues. In contrast, Cu concentrations in shoot and root was unaffected by soil Cd. Compared to single metal contamination, combined treatment increased Cd content by 110.6%, 77.0% and 45.2% in shoot, and by 112.7%, 51.2% and 18.4% in root for Gui630, YY-1 and KY1360, respectively. The content level of Cu or Cd in root surface iron plaques was not affected by their soil content. Cu promoted Fe accumulation in iron plaques, while Cd has no effect on P and Fe accumulation in it. The translocation of Cu and Cd from iron plaques to root and shoot was also discussed. These results might be beneficial in selecting cultivars with low heavy metal accumulation and designing strategies for soil bioremediation.     

Early stage toxicity of excess copper to photosystem II of Chlorella pyrenoidosa–OJIP chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis

Acute toxicity of excess Cu on the photosynthetic performance of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was examined by using chlorophyll a fluorescence transients and JIP-test after exposure to elevated Cu concentrations for a short time period. High Cu concentration resulted in a significant suppression in photosynthesis and respiration. The absorption flux (ABS/RC) per PSII reaction center increased with increasing Cu concentration, but the electron transport flux (ET₀/RC) decreased. Excess Cu had an insignificant effect on the trapping flux (TR₀/RC). The decline in the efficiency, with which a trapped exciton can move an electron into the electron transport chain further than Q_A−(Ψ₀), the maximal quantum yield of primary photochemistry (?_P0), and the quantum yield of electron transport (?_E0) were also observed. The amount of active PSII reaction centers per excited cross section (RC/CS) was also in consistency with the change of photosynthesis when cells were exposed to excess Cu concentration. JIP-test parameters had a good linear relationship with photosynthetic O₂ evolution. These results suggested that the decrease of photosynthesis in exposure to excess Cu may be a result of the inactivation of PSII reaction centers and the inhibition of electron transport in the acceptor side.     

UASB反应器处理精制棉废水的试验研究

采用颗粒污泥接种UASB厌氧反应器处理精制棉生产废水,对其可生化性及能降解程度进行研究。通过近1个月的运行可知：在进水CODCr质量浓度为5000—6000mg／L,HRT为24h,容积负荷在4．5～6．2kg／（m3·d）的范围时,有机污染物的去除率稳定保持在70％～80％的范围内,并且运行稳定。     

大气CO2浓度升高对水稻生理生态效应的影响

目前大气中CO2浓度在逐步上升,以CO2为主的温室气体浓度增加而引起的温室效应对人类农业生产可能产生很大影响。本文介绍了大气CO2浓度升高对水稻一系列的生理生态效应的影响。未来高CO2浓度下,水稻的生育期会缩短;光合作用有所提高;干物质积累增加,产量显著提高;含N量降低,P吸收增加;促进了根系生长和土壤呼吸等。并对未来的研究作了进一步探讨。