电磁辐射防护的基本技术和进展

电磁辐射污染问题经过几十年的争论,虽然在非致热效应的影响问题上尚未达到统一的认识,但人们对电磁辐射污染的存在和其严重性已清楚认识和日益重视。目前,对于电磁辐射污染危害的报道已屡见不鲜,而对其防护的基本技术和进展的报道却不多见,我们拟对此作一报道,以飨读者。王广播、电视发射台的电磁辐射防护广播、电视发射台的电磁辐射防护首先应该在项目建设前,以《电磁辐射防护规定》（GB8702－88）为标准,进行电磁辐射环境影响评价,实行预防性卫生监督,提出预防性防护措施,包括防护带要求。如果业已建成的发射台对周围区域造…     

论综合性自然资源立法

综合性自然资源立法是完善我国自然资源法制的最佳方案选择。本文以正确处理自然资源开发、利用、保护和节约之间的关系为基本内容,提出了以实现自然资源的优化配置和可持续利用为目标的综合性自然资源立法的基本原则,并对综合性自然资源立法进行了具体的框架结构设计。     

ISO14000国际环境管理标准的认证策略

在分析ISO14000想要达到的目的以及ISO14000系列标准基本构成的基础上,对组织是否要申请ISO14000认证,以及什么时候申请ISO14001认证的策略作一讨论。     

Approach of technical decision-making by element flow analysis and Monte-Carlo simulation of municipal solid waste stream

This paper deals with the procedure and methodology which can be used to select the optimal treatment and disposal technology of municipal solid waste （MSW）, and to provide practical and effective technical support to policy-making, on the basis of study on solid waste management status and development trend in China and abroad. Focusing on various treatment and disposal technologies and processes of MSW, this study established a Monte-Carlo mathematical model of cost minimization for MSW handling subjected to environmental constraints. A new method of element stream （such as C, H, O, N, S） analysis in combination with economic stream analysis of MSW was developed. By following the streams of different treatment processes consisting of various techniques from generation, separation, transfer, transport, treatment, recycling and disposal of the wastes, the element constitution as well as its economic distribution in terms of possibility functions was identified. Every technique step was evaluated economically. The Mont-Carlo method was then conducted for model calibration. Sensitivity analysis was also carried out to identify the most sensitive factors. Model calibration indicated that landfill with power generation of landfill gas was economically the optimal technology at the present stage under the condition of more than 58% of C, H, O, N, S going to landfill. Whether or not to generate electricity was the most sensitive factor. If landfilling cost increases, MSW separation treatment was recommended by screening first followed with incinerating partially and composting partially with residue landfilling. The possibility of incineration model selection as the optimal technology was affected by the city scale. For big cities and metropolitans with large MSW generation, possibility for constructing large-scale incineration facilities increases, whereas, for middle and small cities, the effectiveness of incinerating waste decreases.     

资源型欠发达地区环境保护的思考

改革开放以来,我国东南沿海地区依托良好的区位优势和国家的政策优惠,在市场经济发展进程中一路领跑,大踏步向率先基本实现现代化的目标迈进.相形之下,广大中西部欠发达地区尽管拥有丰富的矿产资源和广袤的土地资源,但由于区位封闭,思想保守,资金、技术、人才等要素缺乏,在越来越充分的市场竞争中总是处于劣势.     

环境监测管理问题刍议

管理,是一个广义的名词,对于一切人类有意识的活动,都不可避免地存在着管理问题.即这些“有意识的活动”本身,必然包含着或多或少、或简或繁的“管理活动”作为它的有机组成.同样,对环境监测工作来说,也必然存在环境监测管理问题.     

试论现阶段环境监测管理的重点

我国的环境监测工作历经十多年的艰难起步和发展,已迈入提高和深化发展阶段,在新形势下,环境监测如何取得新的突破,对现阶段环境监测管理的重点进行探讨有其重要的现实意义.1 环境监测的基本特点环境监测管理是使用各种科学方法,深入研究环境监测活动中的规律,并以监测质量、效益为核心,对环境监测整个系统实施全面科学的管理.环境监测的基本特点是: