不同季节的沼液中细菌分离培养与含量分析

采用TPY琼脂分别对不同季节的好氧、厌氧沼液中的细菌进行需氧和厌氧培养,对培养出的细菌进行计数和形态观察。结果表明：（1）夏季厌氧沼液中厌氧菌及兼性细菌数量均极显著高于春季;夏季好氧沼液中好氧菌数量显著高于春季。（2）冬季厌氧沼液的厌氧培养和需氧培养的细菌数量,均极显著低于秋季;冬季好氧沼液中的需氧培养出的细菌数,显著低于秋季。（3）夏、秋季的厌氧招液,厌氧培养出的细菌数极显著高于好氧沼液厌氧培养出的细菌;冬季厌氧沼液厌氧培养出的细菌数,显著高于好氧沼液厌氧培养出的细菌。（4）沼液中的细菌种类繁多,表型特征复杂。（5）沼液中的杆菌最多,其夏季各种形状菌都较其它季节多。（6）四季沼液中,革兰氏阴性菌均占多数,革兰氏阳性菌均占少数。     

产业结构升级与城市水资源可持续利用——以北京市为例

北京市产业结构与城市用水的变化过程表明,产业结构优化升级与降低城市生产用水量密切相关,对保障快速城市化背景下的城市生活用水需求增长至关重要。加大产业结构调整力度,控制生产用水量至零增长或负增长,是水资源短缺城市实现水资源可持续利用的有效途径。     

Profile of Methane Concentrations in Soil and Atmosphere in Alpine Steppe Ecosystem on Tibetan Plateau

The methane concentration profile from -1.5m depth in soil to 32m height in air was measured in alpine steppe located in the permafrost area. Methane concentrations showed widely variations both in air and in soil during the study period. The mean concentrations in atmosphere were all higher than those in soil, and the highest methane concentration was found in air at the height of 16m with the lowest concentration occurring at the depth of 1.5m in soil. The variations of atmospheric methane concentrations did not show any clear pattern both temporally and spatially, although they exhibited a more steadystable state than those in soil. During the seasonal variations, the methane concentrations at different depths in soil were significantly correlated （R^2〉0.6） with each other comparing to the weak correlations （R^2〈0.2） between the atmospheric concentra- tions at different heights. Mean methane concentrations in soil significantly decreased with depth. This was the compositive influence of the decreasing production rates and the increasing methane oxidation rates, which was caused by the descent soil moisture with depth. Although the methane concentrations at all depths varied widely during the growing season, they showed very distinct temporal variations in the non-growing season. It was indicated from the literatures that methane oxidation rates were positively correlated with soil temperature. The higher methane concentrations in soil during the winter were determined by the lower methane oxidation rates with decreasing soil temperatures, whereas methane production rates had no reaction to the lower temperature. Relations between methane contribution and other environmental factors were not discussed in this paper for lacking of data, which impulse us to carry out further and more detailed studies in this unique area.     

2009年集体合同制度“彩虹计划”将在全国范围内实施

国家协调劳动关系三方会议第十三次会议近日在北京召开。会议确定,各级协调劳动关系三方将于2009年在全国实施集体合同制度“彩虹计划”,推动企业建立工资集体协商制度．做到工资调整靠协商,继续推进企业协商机制建设。     

最低生活保障制度与就业促进：问题与政策调整方向

改革开放以来,随着经济社会体制改革的深入,我国部分城镇居民的贫困问题愈加突出,贫困人群规模不断扩大,贫困的程度逐年增加,而传统城镇社会救济制度存在救助对象有限、标准过低以及经费严重不足等缺陷。为了解决贫困居民的基本生活保障问题以维护社会稳定,1993年,城镇居民最低生活保障制度最先在上海确立,并迅速在其他城市推广。1999年,国务院颁布了《城市居民最低生活保障条例》,至此,我国已基本在全国范围内建立起了城市居民最低生活保障制度。     

春季——养肝护肝好时节

春季大地回暖,阳气升发,万物萌生,病毒等微生物也蠢蠢欲动。人体毛孔放松,冬季所藏的营养逐步向外"散发";加之春季风多,气候相对干燥,肝病患者特别是慢性肝病患者病情容易反复,导致近段时间的病人就诊量明显提高。     

连片生态浮床对微污染河水的净化效果

选取漕桥河的支流庙尖浜作为实验河段,以睡莲(Nymphaea alba)、菖蒲(Acorus calamus Linn)和水芹(Oenan-the javanica(Blume)DC)作为微污染水体净化的浮床植物,研究连片生态浮床的净化能力随季节的变化和浮床面积对连片生态浮床净化能力的影响。结果显示,秋-冬-春季节内植物的净化能力随季节变化呈"U"型,相应的河水水质的变化呈一个倒置的"U"型;在一定营养负荷和植物正常生长状况下,沿水流方向,氮、磷含量随浮床面积的增加而降低——春季时,随浮床面积增加,菖蒲区对TN的去除率由8.6%增加到26.7%,TP的去除率由17.1%增加到58.2%,水芹区对TN和TP的去除率最高可达22.0%和28.0%。研究表明连片生态浮床是河道水质改善的有效可行的方法之一,可为太湖入湖河流的营养物质控制提供科学依据。     

稠油污水回用锅炉处理工艺的应用

新疆油田公司稠油污水处理普遍采用成熟的离子调整旋流反应水处理技术,污水处理后达到回用锅炉水质标准SY/T 0097-2000《稠油油田采出水用于蒸汽发生器给水处理设计规范》,供给油田专用高压注汽锅炉用水。采用相同技术建成的采油一厂稠油处理站污水回用锅炉处理工艺投用后,处理后污水回用锅炉,减少了含油污水的外排,充分利用了稠油污水的热能,取得了良好的经济和社会效益。     

巢湖“变清梦”还要梦多久?

巢湖污染缘何久治不愈?区划调整后治巢又该如何出招?巢湖"变清梦"还要"梦"多久?这是一个个棘手但又不得不面对的命题。着眼现实,长期以来,对于巢湖污染的成因以及如何治理的声音很多。有人认为巢湖的地质很特殊,高含磷地质是"主凶"。有人认为巢湖污染是城市的急剧扩张建设,湿地破坏,湖泊自然生态系统退化所致。又有人认为工业污染并非主流,罪     

厌氧池-复合型人工湿地系统污水处理效果的季节变化

利用厌氧池-复合型人工湿地(AT-ICW)系统处理农村生活污水,探讨工艺系统不同季节对污水的处理效果。结果表明,该工艺系统春、夏、秋季对氨氮(NH4+-N)、总磷(TP)表现出稳定且较好的去除效果,去除率分别为92.8%～97.0%和56.4%～65.9%,冬季去除率相对较差,平均去除率分别为67.1%和42.5%。NO3--N的去除效果差,四季均出现积累,累积率达到71.5%～342.9%。系统春、夏季对总氮(TN)去除效果较好,去除率为57.3%～68.9%,秋、冬季去除效果相对较差,为24.5%～35.8%。系统夏季COD去除效果好,平均去除率达到78.3%,冬、春季去除效果较差,为37.8%～43.5%。各项污水排放指标均达到城镇污水处理厂污染物排放一级A类标准。AT-ICW系统不仅处理效果好,而且运行费用低,适用于农村分散型生活污水处理。