飞机环控系统典型故障分析

环控系统解决了飞机座舱的供气、调温和增压问题,座舱的压力制度按3个阶段进行。通过典型的飞机环控系统故障,对座舱压力调节机理进行了分析,介绍了座舱压力调节过程,分析了导致飞行员耳膜疼痛、座舱压力持续下降的原因,提出了预防故障发生的建议。     

某炼钢厂2#转炉一次烟气塔-环隙工艺技改前后除尘效果分析

某钢厂2#转炉一次烟气除尘系统由原来"两文"系统改为"塔-环隙"系统,经过比较研究两种除尘系统的运行效果得出:塔-环隙系统实现喉口自动调节,出口含尘浓度明显降低,煤气回收利用率基本持平。     

五大连池大气中PAHs污染特征

对于五大连池大气中PAHs的污染研究,通过在该地区的农村设置大气采样点,进行了为期一个季度的大气样品采集,对PAHs的污染特征和来源进行了初探,结果表明,大气中∑16PAHs浓度范围为40.2-247.1 ng/m3,平均值为116.8 ng/m3。通过等效毒性当量因子计算得到五大连池大气中BaP当量浓度为6.086ng/m3,符合我国规定的10ng/m3。     

典型持久性有机污染物在翅碱蓬中的分布特征

碱蓬是潮间带的常见优势种群,为了解其在持久性有机污染物从陆域向海洋迁移中所起的作用,利用GC-MS研究了东营和营口潮间带盐沼植物翅碱蓬不同器官及根系土中有机氯农药(OCPs)、多环芳烃(PAHs)、十溴联苯醚(BDE209)和多氯联苯(PCBs)的含量和分布特征.结果表明,4类持久性有机污染物在翅碱蓬中的污染水平依次为ΣPAHsΣOCPsBDE209ΣPCBs(96～1506ng/g、14～577ng/g、1.8～33ng/g和399～2161pg/g).营口潮间带沉积物中OCPs、PAHs和PCBs的污染水平高于东营,但这3类污染物在两地潮间带翅碱蓬叶子中的含量水平相当.OCPs在两地翅碱蓬各器官中的分布相同,即茎根叶,PAHs和PCBs2种污染物受根系土中有机质含量的影响,在翅碱蓬器官中呈现不同的分布.BDE209在东营潮间带的污染水平(19.7ng/g)高于营口(2.36ng/g),在碱蓬器官中呈现不同分布.     

微生物对土壤与沉积物吸附多环芳烃的影响

以枯草芽孢杆菌为接种微生物,研究微生物对沉积物和湿地土壤吸附多环芳烃（PAHs）菲、苯并［a］芘过程的影响.结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌对菲与苯并［a］芘都可进行吸附或生物降解,48h液相PAHs浓度达到平衡时,微生物对菲消除了98％,对苯并［a］芘消除85％;接种的样品48h吸附等温线均呈线形,能较好地符合线性方程;在接种微生物情况下,沉积物与土壤对菲和苯并［a］芘吸附特征均发生较大变化,对菲的吸附量增大约35倍,而对苯并［a］芘的吸附量却降低了2/3左右;未接种微生物的土壤和沉积物对菲解吸率为20％,接种的样品组为2.9％,而对苯并［a］芘的解吸结果与菲相反,未接种的对照组为4％,接种的样品组为13％.微生物在土壤与沉积物吸附PAHs的过程中起主导作用.     

土壤中多环芳烃的SPMD辅助解吸行为研究

为了开发一种表征土壤中憎水性有机污染物解吸及生物有效性的新方法,建立了半透膜被动采样装置（SPMD）研究土壤中有机污染物解吸行为的方法,利用SPMD分析了多环芳烃菲、芘和苯并［a］芘在3种不同性质土壤中的辅助解吸行为.结果表明,SPMD是一种很好地表征土壤中憎水性有机污染物解吸及生物有效性的手段. SPMD辅助解吸多环芳烃的效率与土壤有机质及多环芳烃性质有关.随着土壤有机质含量的降低,土壤中菲和芘的SPMD解吸率逐渐升高,对于10 mg/kg染毒水平,当土壤有机质含量由18.68%降低到0.3%时,2种化合物的解吸率分别由56.45%和48.28%上升到接近100%;但是对于苯并［a］芘,粘土表现出明显的滞留能力,在有机质含量（0.3%）很低、粘土含量（39.05%）较高的3号土壤中,苯并［a］芘的解吸率仅有66.97%.不同多环芳烃SPMD辅助解吸率差别很大,随着土壤有机质含量的降低,以及污染物浓度的提高,菲和芘的解吸差异逐渐缩小,而苯并［a］芘与上述2种多环芳烃的差异很大,主要是由于苯并［a］芘具有高度亲脂性,并且分子较大,造成其容易滞留在粘土的微孔及有机质的致密结构中.     

TiO2 nanotubes as solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water samples

An analytical method based on TiO2 nanotubes solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with gas chromatography (GC) was established for the analysis of seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): acenaphtylene, acenaphthene, anthracene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene. Factors a ecting the extraction e ciency including the eluent type and its volume, adsorbent amount, sample volume, sample pH and sample flow rate were optimized. The characteristic data of analytical performance were determined to investigate the sensitivity and precision of the method. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the method showed good linearity in the range of 0.01–0.8 g/mL, repeatability of the extraction (RSD were between 6.7% and 13.5%, n = 5) and satisfactory detection limits (0.017–0.059 ng/mL). The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of surface water (tap, river and dam) samples. The recoveries of PAHs spiked in environmental water samples ranged from 90% to 100%. All the results indicated the potential application of titanate nanotubes as solid-phase extraction adsorbents to pre-treat water samples.     

Sedimentary record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Lake Erhai, Southwest China

The temporal distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated in a sediment core from Lake Erhal in Southwest China using gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method.The total organic carbon (TOC) normalized total PAHs concentrations (sum of US Environmental Protection Agency proposed 16 priority PAHs) ranged from 31.9 to 269 μg/g dry weight (dw),and were characterized by a slowly increasing stage in the deeper sediments and a sharp increasing stage in the upper sediments.The PAHs in the sediments were dominated by low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs,suggesting that the primary source of PAHs was low- and moderate temperature combustion processes.However,both the significant increase in high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs in the upper sediments and the vertical profile of diagnostic ratios pointed out a change in the sources of PAHs from low-temperature combustion to high-temperature combustion.The ecotoxicological assessment based on consensus-based sediment quality guidelines implied that potential adverse biological impacts were possible for benzo(ghi)perylenelene and most LMW PAHs.In addition,the total BaP equivalent quotient of seven carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (BaA,CHr,BbF,BkF,BaP,DBA and INP) was 106.1 ng/g,according to the toxic equivalency factors.Although there was no great biological impact associated with the HMW PAlls,great attention should be paid to these PAH components based on their rapid increase in the upper sediments.     

武汉市长江北岸耕地中多环芳烃垂向与纵向分布特征

文章对武汉市长江北岸农用耕地中多环芳烃的含量进行了调查。结果表明除紧靠马路边一个点位的荧蒽浓度高于荷兰制定的土壤修复标准之外,其余各点各类多环芳烃均在此标准值之内;随着点位距污染源越远多环芳烃的含量越来越低;并且多环芳烃在垂直方向上的迁移存在色谱效应。通过分析不同采样点土壤中的多环芳烃含量,分析得出结论汽车尾气所排放的...     

《环境科学与技术》总目次

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