Removal of Methyl Violet from aqueous solutions using poly （acrylic acid.co-acrylamide）/attapulgite composite

The adsorption of Methyl Violet (MV) cationic dye from aqueous solution was carried out by using crosslinked poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/attapulgite (Poly(AA-co-AM)/ATP) composite as adsorbent. The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the composite such as pH, concentration of the dye, temperature, contact time, adsorbent dosage, ionic strength and surfactant were systematically investigated. The equilibrium data fitted very well to the Langmuir isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity reached 1194 mg/g at 30°C. The thermodynamic parameters including G0, △H0 and △S 0 for the adsorption processes of MV on the composite were also calculated, and the negative △H0 and △G0 confirmed that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. The kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process was consistent with the pseudo second-order kinetic model and the desorption studies revealed that the regeneration of the composite adsorbent can be easily achieved.     

Adsorption characteristics of humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite for cationic dyes in aqueous solutions

Humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (HA-Am-PAA-B) was prepared and used as an adsorbent for the adsorption of cationic dyes (Malachite Green (MG), Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV)) from aqueous solutions. The polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (PAA-B) was prepared by intercalative polymerization of acrylamide with Nabentonite in the presence of N,N0-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent and hexamethylenediammine as propagater. PAA-B was subsequently treated with ethylenediammine to increase its loading capacity for HA. The surface characterizations of the adsorbent were investigated. The adsorbent behaved like a cation exchanger and more than 99.0% removal of dyes was detected at pH range 6.0–8.0. The capacity of HA-Am-PAA-B was found to decrease in the following order: MG > MB > CV. The kinetic and isotherm data were interpreted by pseudo-second order rate equation and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. Experiments were carried out using binary solute systems to assess the competitive adsorption phenomenon. The experimental isotherm data for each binary solute combination of MG, MB and CV were analyzed using Sheindrof-Rebhun-Sheintuch (SRS) (multicomponent Freundlich type) equation.     

碳纤维环氧复合材料盐雾老化试验研究

采用中性盐雾条件模拟海洋大气环境进行了加速老化试验,研究了碳纤维环氧复合材料在海洋气候中的耐久性.分析了该复合材料经盐雾老化试验后的质量、层间剪切强度和弯曲强度的变化,结合湿热老化机理,研究了其老化规律.结果表明,随着试验时间的增加,复合材料的吸湿量增加,力学强度下降,表现出塑性特征.在吸湿最初阶段对力学性能影响最大,...     

GHPFRCC框架梁抗火性能试验研究∗

绿色高性能纤维增强水泥基复合材料(green high?performance fiber?reinforced cementitious composites,GHP? FRCC)是在传统 ECC 基础上加入大掺量粉煤灰制成的一种新型绿色建筑材料。GHPFRCC 具有高延性特点,很适合用于框架梁、柱及节点,但 GHPFRCC 框架梁作为一种新型结构其抗火性能研究较少,为了探明 GHPFRCC 框架梁的抗火性能,进行 10 根 GHPFRCC 框架梁的耐火试验,研究荷载比、纵筋率、剪跨比等因素对火灾下 GHP? FRCC 框架梁的跨中挠度、温度场分布的影响。试验结果表明,火灾下 GHPFRCC 框架梁升温速度最快的是梁底面,速度最慢的是梁顶面;剪跨比为火灾下 GHPFRCC 框架梁破坏形态的主要影响因素;跨中挠度曲线近似线性下降,且剪跨比越大,跨中挠度下降斜率越大;纵筋率可有限提高 GHPFRCC 框架梁的抗剪承载力,箍筋对保证火灾下 GHPFRCC 框架梁的抗剪性能至关重要。     

粉煤灰表面改性的研究

本文利用H-NA,H-R等六种不同的表面活化剂,采用干法和湿法的活化工艺,对粉煤灰的表面进行改性研究。试验表明,活化粉煤灰表面的羟基数目减少,增加了活化剂的相应基团,它在有机介质中的分散性明显好转。用活化粉煤灰作聚氯乙烯和橡胶的填料,制成试样,测试结果表明,与未活化的粉煤灰相比,各种性能均明显改善,除橡胶磨耗减量质量有待进一步提高外,其余各项指标均达到和超过有关标准。因此,这是利用再生资源,降低复合材料成本,保护环境的一种新途径。     

阻燃高抗冲聚苯乙烯/有机改性蒙脱土纳米复合材料阻燃效应的研究(Ⅱ)--蒙脱土改性比率对阻燃协效性的影响

运用“一步熔融共混法”制备了同时包含十溴二苯乙烷(SAYTEX8010)—氧化锑(Sb2O3)和蒙脱土(MMT)—十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(C16BrN)(不同重量比率)阻燃体系的系列高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)复合材料,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、UL—94垂直燃烧测试和锥形量热计等测试手段对其结构形貌和燃烧性能进行了表征,探讨了两种阻燃体系间的协效性及蒙脱土改性比率对协效度的影响。结果表明,在十溴二苯乙烷存在时,可以制备层离型阻燃HIPS／MMT纳米复合材料,其中两种阻燃体系具有优异的阻燃协效性,其协效度取决于复合材料中各组分的复合比率,特别是MMT及C16BrN的改性比率。研究发现,其它组分含量一定时(十溴二苯乙烷和氧化锑重量比率保持lO：4),MMT和C16BrN改性比率为4：2时复合材料具有相对最佳阻燃性,十溴二苯乙烷体系和改性蒙脱土体系具有相对最优阻燃协效度。     

钛合金螺栓连接复合材料海洋环境效应分析

为了研究钛合金螺接复合材料件的热带海洋环境腐蚀/老化效应,设计并制备钛合金螺栓连接复合材料模拟件,依托永兴岛大气试验站,开展钛合金螺栓连接复合材料模拟件海洋大气户外暴露试验,收集了2年的环境腐蚀/老化数据,主要包括宏微观形貌、成分变化及力学性能等。研究结果表明：①钛合金螺栓连接复合材料模拟件在户外暴露6个月后,螺栓和螺母表面涂层均发生明显腐蚀;暴露2年后,螺栓表面离子镀铝层脱落导致其严重变色,螺母表面MoS₂涂层发生明显腐蚀,复合材料层合板表面出现明显老化,局部出现纤维剥落;②在力学性能方面,经自然环境暴露2年后,连接件承载能力无明显变化,断裂方式均为螺栓钉头弯曲破坏,连接件韧性出现明显下降,断裂时最大位移较初始状态相比下降约16%。     

不同价态Ce-MOF衍生材料的吸附除磷性能及机理比较

通过在N_2气氛中的热处理,从Ce-MOF中衍生出一系列多级的微/纳米铈基复合材料.Ce-MOF在空气中完全分解形成二氧化铈,价态由三价转变为四价.而在N_2中较低温度(400℃或500℃)下煅烧会形成稳定的部分热解的Ce-MOF(N),具有较高的Ce(Ⅲ)含量.与完全分解的产物相比,虽然完全分解的产物具有较高的比表面积,但是部分分解的样品对磷酸盐的吸附效果是完全分解产物的2—4倍.这种差异证明铈基材料的不同价态对除磷性能有显著影响,相比于四价铈离子,三价铈在与磷酸盐结合中起主要作用.与Ce-MOF(A)相比,Ce-MOF(N)是一种高Ce(Ⅲ)含量的铈基纳米材料,其饱和吸附容量为187.2 mg·g~(-1),吸附速度快,pH适用范围极广,为pH 2—12,并且在竞争阴离子存在下也对磷酸盐具有很高的选择性.与此同时,相比于常用的金属盐吸附剂,Ce-MOF(N)在碱性条件下具有明显增强的磷酸盐吸附能力.这是因为表面Ce(Ⅲ)的部分水解带来了更多的羟基,增加了磷酸根离子交换的活性位点.此外,通过分析FTIR、XPS、XRD和Zeta电位,Ce(Ⅲ)样品对磷酸根的吸附机理主要为静电吸引,离子交换和表面沉积,而对于完全分解的铈基材料Ce-MOF(A)静电吸引是主要机理.