大连市生态环境质量研究

运用可持续发展理论和生态经济学原理,从白然、社会、经济的角度,选取了20个单项指标,构建了大连生态环境质量评价指标体系,采用专家打分法、层次分析法和模糊综合评判法构建出城市生态环境质量评价的模型,定量地对大连的生态环境进行了综合评价。     

基于综合指数模型的航空装备安全评价

针对航空装备安全评价中存在的主观偏向性和指标难以定量描述等问题,选取飞行事故、地面事故、事故征候万时率及重大危险性故障数作为评价指标,采用层次分析法和熵值法组合的权重计算方法,建立基于综合指数的航空装备安全评价模型,以4个航空单位为例对其航空装备安全进行综合评价,验证了该模型的合理性和可靠性,为航空装备安全决策与控制措施提供了理论依据。     

Construction of an ecosystem service value evaluation system for the Longquan Mountain Urban Forest Park in Chengdu City Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process北大核心CSCD

As a special ecosystem, an urban forest park, which is different from a regular “forest park”, is one of the key elements involved in improving the urban ecological environment and promoting the sustainable development of a city. The “urban forest park” can also significantly improve living conditions by acting as a greenbelt. The Chengdu Longquan Mountain Urban Forest Park is a rare mountain urban forest park located in the center of the city. This “urban forest park” not only provides more ecological products and maintains ecological security but also meets the growing needs of people for food, environmental quality, and spirituality. To comprehensively assess the ecological value of the Chengdu Longquan Mountain Urban Forest Park, this study used the literature analogy and questionnaire survey methods to establish a targeted ecosystem service assessment system in this study area. In addition, combined with the hierarchical analysis method, the indicator system was tested, and the specific evaluation index was determined. In the Longquan Mountain Urban Forest Park Ecosystem Service Value Index System, three first-level indicators, such as ecological material products (with a weight of 0.412 6), ecological regulation (0.327 5), and dwelling culture (0.259 9); eight secondary indicators, such as product production (0.206 3), resource supply (0.206 3), and biodiversity (0.194 4); and twenty-three tertiary indicators, such as air negative oxygen ion (0.154 7), habitat quality (0.095 9), and ecological health benefit (0.075 5), were identified. From the weights of the first and second indicators, it was clear that the supply of ecological material products is the main service function in the Longquan Mountain Urban Forest Park ecosystem. Moreover, from the weights of the third indicator, the public’s cognition and concept of the ecosystem service value of the “urban forest park” gradually shifted from the supply service of products and resources to cultural services. In summary, the ecosystem service value assessment system designed for the Longquan Mountain Urban Forest Park in this study has certain feasibility and extensibility that lays a theoretical foundation for the scientific assessment of ecological value and ecological value realization mechanism for other “forest parks” worldwide. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

基于可拓综合评价模型的隧道塌方概率计算方法

塌方是隧道施工过程中最常见的事故。在研究塌方发生的孕险环境及致险因子特征的基础上,选取岩石坚硬程度、岩石完整性、地下水流量、隧道埋深、隧道偏压、施工效果6个评价指标,依据可拓学理论,建立了隧道塌方评价的物元模型,采用层次分析法确定了各评价指标的权重,并通过实际的隧道塌方概率等级关联度计算,对京台线杉溪隧道塌方进行了评价。评价结果表明:左洞掌子面ZK27+445处隧道塌方概率为很可能(j0=4),与现场实际情况相符合。该评价方法能有效计算出隧道塌方发生的概率等级,是一种实用的计算方法,对塌方的预测具有一定的指导意义,也为今后隧道塌方评估提供了一条新的思路。     

井下支护作业人员颈部肌肉疲劳特性研究*

为探究井下支护作业人员颈部肌肉疲劳受伸张和屈曲角度变化的影响,采用表面肌电法（sEMG）实验模拟测量7种点位角度下,颈部夹肌、斜方肌以及胸锁乳突肌在不同作业频率时的疲劳情况,以积分肌电值(iEMG)及中值频率（MF）评价各肌肉疲劳程度。研究结果表明:低频实验中随点位角度的增大,颈部屈曲活动时,胸锁乳突肌疲劳变化明显,iEMG疲劳前后差值最大为1.55,MF下降率最大为0.60;颈部伸展活动时,夹肌疲劳变化明显,iEMG疲劳前后差值最大为1.59,MF下降率最大为0.59;斜方肌未表现出明显疲劳变化规律。高频实验相较低频实验疲劳发生速度加快,疲劳积累程度显著提升,颈部活动主要肌肉疲劳发生时间由16~19 min提前至13~17 min,各肌肉MF下降速度为低频实验的1~1.55倍。     

模糊层次分析法在某核电站打磨作业职业健康风险评估中的应用

本文从职业病危害因素、环境因素、人机交互因素、管理因素4个方面构建层次模型,运用模糊层次综合分析法对核电站打磨作业现场职业健康风险进行分析。经过分析,核电站打磨作业综合危险有害因素的评分为86.415,安全风险最高。同时,在打磨作业的职业病危害因素、环境因素、人机交互因素、管理因素4个方面,职业病危害因素评分为91.65,是作业现场职业健康防治的重点。     

基于AHP与风险矩阵法的高校应急能力影响因素分析

为研究与培养高校学生的应急能力,创建安全校园及确保社会稳定,通过深入分析影响高校学生处理突发事件能力的五大因素：心理素质、身体素质、环境因素、应急知识与能力、人文社会关怀,借助层次分析法和风险矩阵模型,从风险后果严重性维度构建评价体系,由定性化问题转变为定量化研究,分析出各个影响因素的等级,以此制定更精准的应对措施。研究结果表明：身体素质、应急知识与能力因素对处突能力影响最大,心理素质及人文社会关怀因素影响一般,环境因素影响微小。基于此,提升高校学生的应急技能应先从加强学生群体的身体素质和应急知识与能力入手。     

强风化花岗岩隧道二次衬砌支护时机研究

通过应用RFPA软件分析不同尺寸下强风化花岗岩的岩体变形特性、破坏规律及声发射特征;在隧道开挖过程中通过埋设应力计、位移及声发射仪监测隧道的变化特征,分析开挖过程中岩体应力变化规律、位移变化规律及声发射特性,通过对比数值分析结果,确定了强风化花岗岩的二衬支护时机,并经现场验证,证明了二衬支护时机合理性。