Validation of a conductometric bienzyme biosensor for the detection of proteins as marker of organic matter in river samples

This article describes a conductometric bi-layer based bienzyme biosensor for the detection of proteins as a marker of organic matter in rivers. Proteins were chosen to be used as indicators of urban pollution. The working mechanism of the bienzyme biosensor is based on the enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins into several fractions (peptides and amino acids), which results in a local conductivity change depending of the concentration of proteins. In this work, we began with the optimization of biosensor response using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as standard protein. For this objective seven enzymatic biosensors were prepared: four enzymatic sensors with only one layer of enzyme (proteinase K, trypsin, pronase or protease X) and three other enzymatic sensors with two layers (first layer: membrane containing proteinase K; second layer: one of the three other enzymes: trypsin, pronase or protease X). The biosensors were obtained through the deposition of enzymatic layers and the cross-linking process between enzymes and BSA in saturated glutaraldehyde vapour. The response of the various biosensors, described previously, were compared with the values of total organic carbon (TOC), and those of organic nitrogen (Norg), as determined by the laboratory accredits (CEMAGREF of Lyon) using the traditional method of analysis (NF EN 1484, infrared spectroscopy) and (NF EN 25663, mineralization/colorimetry assay) respectively for each water sample obtained from di erent sites in Lyon (France). The linear correlations obtained with the response of the seven biosensors showed the most important indices of correlations for the biosensor with two enzymatic layers: proteinase K + pronase (pkp). The optimum conditions for the preparation of the pkp biosensor increased the sensitivity and gave a limit of quantification of 0.583 g/L for TOC and 0.218 g/L for Norg in water samples. This sensor shows good reproducibility (2.28%), a capacity to be used at temperatures range 10– 30°C (depending on the season) and moreover a long lifetime (5 weeks).     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

在生理pH值条件下用荧光光谱和紫外吸收光谱研究了十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用。SDBS可以使BSA的内源荧光发生猝灭,其猝灭机理为静态猝灭。在所研究的浓度范围内获取了SDBS与BSA的结合常数(298K:1.52×105L/mol;310K:7.96×104L/mol)及对应温度下结合反应的热力学参数(ΔH=-41.78kJ/mol;ΔS=-41.00J(/mol·K)/-40.95J(/mol·K);ΔG=-29.56kJ/mol/-29.08kJ/mol)。根据热力学参数推断二者之间的作用力主要为氢键和范德华力。同步荧光光谱表明SDBS的存在改变了BSA的分子构象,BSA分子内的色氨酸残基疏水环境增强。     

电场强化微滤工艺去除水中微量有机物的效果

微滤工艺虽然可以有效去除浊度、悬浮颗粒物等污染物,但对于微量有机物的去除则非常有限.外加电场与膜分离相结合,可以提高对微量有机物的去除效果.为此,研究了单独微滤、单独电场以及电场结合微滤3种工艺对水中5种典型低浓度微量有机物(舒必利、咖啡因、美托洛尔、利古隆、卡马西平)的去除效果;并考察了不同膜材料、进水中离子种类、进...     

微量滴定法测定微痕量铀的研究及应用

在磷酸介质中,试样经硫酸亚铁铵、亚硝酸钠、尿素预处理后,铀为4价,以二苯基联苯胺二磺酸钠为指示剂,用标准钒酸铵滴定至微红色,实现了不经分离与富集直接测定。ｎ×10－5g／g以上的痕量铀的微量滴定分析。方法简便、快速、廉价,环境污染少。     

滇池福保湾沉积物-水界面微量重金属扩散通量估算

对滇池福保湾沉积物间隙水及近界面上覆水中溶解性重金属含量进行分析,并根据Fick定律计算出沉积物-水界面微量重金属扩散通量.结果表明,福保湾水体中重金属含量的平均值(以μg·1-1计)分别为:Fe 25.53,Cu 30.58,Zn 221.67,Ni 15.93,Co 1.91,Cd 1.12,Cr 19.26,Pb 31.08,As 9.41,符合国家Ⅱ类地表水质标准.沉积物-上覆水界面附近水体微量重金属浓度一般都明显高于孔隙水的相应浓度(As除外),根据Fick扩散定律计算出沉积物对上覆水中重金属的年吸附量(以kg计)分别为:Fe 3.48,Cu 8.70,Zn 70.66,Ni 4.52,Co 0.16,Cd 0.31,Cr 1.55,Pb 12.03,As 0.38.     

化橘红产土壤中量微量元素分布及其化橘红药用有效成份的相关关系

研究了化橘红（Citrus grandis var.tomentosa Hort.）产地土壤中量、微量元素的分布特征及其与化橘红药用有效成份黄酮类有机化合物的相关关系。结果表明,化橘红产地多数采样点的土壤有效铜、锌、锰、硼、钼含量处于中-低-很低水平;化橘红幼果中的黄酮类、柚皮苷含量与其叶片中的锰对其幼果中黄酮类、柚皮苷的形成可能存在生理作用,后者则反映了土壤中有效铜、有效硫对化橘红吸收土壤锰的协同作用。因此,化橘红产地应适当施用铜、锰等微量元素肥料。     

等温微量量热法研究石油污染对土壤微生物活性的影响

利用TAMⅢ等温微量量热仪研究不同浓度的石油污染对土壤微生物活性的影响。对大港油田不同石油污染程度的土壤样品（3683-5-1、西51-5、西15-14和8-13-6H-1）以及实验室配置的短时间内石油污染土壤（空白、0.5%、1.5%、2.5%和4.0%）进行了微量热检测。含油量升高,总放热量升高,生长速率常数降低,峰值功率先升高后降低,达到最大峰值功率的时间随着含油量的升高而延长。结果表明,石油污染会影响土壤微生物的活性,并且在低浓度时促进微生物的生长,石油浓度高时会抑制土壤中微生物的生长代谢。     

保留时间锁定(PTL)和3路分流柱在草莓提取液分析中的应用

水果和蔬菜提取液分析通常较复杂,一般要用到气相色谱的特殊检测器如NPD,μECD和FPD,以检测提取液中微量的农药残留物,而质谱通常用来确证GC的检测结果.曾有报道介绍在GC/MS系统中色谱柱的末端加一个3路分流柱,使从柱子中的流出组分2份被分流到气相色谱的检测器,一份分流到MSD.     

企业怎样处理职业病事件

【案情】2008年7月,某公司员工王某身体不适,至医院检查,被发现有再生障碍性贫血。随即王某入院治疗。但因所患为急性再障,虽经化疗并已联系上骨髓移植,     

硒化氢发生-硒化银溶胶法测定微量硒

人体内微量硒的存在对人的健康至关重要,缺硒会引起一些严重的疾病。本文基于在酸性介质中,用硼氢化钾片将硒离子转变为硒化氢,再以硝酸银-阿拉伯胶溶液吸收显色,形成的硒化银溶胶在紫外区有最大吸收,从而建立了一个测定微量硒的新的分光光度法。此方法的特点是:操作简便快速,有较高的选择性和灵敏度,检出限为0.04Ppm。本方法用于硒酵母、人发、大米和人尿等样品中硒的测定,取得了满意的结果。