读者有奖调查问卷

笔者观看了央视春节联欢晚会播出的《干手观音》之后，不禁想到了日常生活中的驾驶员。大家知道。酒后驾驶、疲劳驾驶、超速超载超员、逆向行驶、抢道行驶等严重违章违法行为，笔者把违法违章现象喻为“千手”，把违法违章驾驶员比作“观音”。这种“千手观音”，“雷区”敢闯、“深渊”敢涉，在现实生活中比比皆是。     

河南传统戏曲中武戏兴盛的现象梳理与成因探究

河南传统武术与戏曲文化是该地区历史悠久、内涵广博之传统文化的重要组成部分。本文在全面整理田野采风资料与文献资料的基础上,系统梳理河南传统武术为该地区戏曲所吸收、借鉴及武戏兴盛的现象,在此基础上从"悠久的百戏陈杂传统";"突出的‘花部乱弹’特征———民间性与大众化";"消费市场的特殊爱好";"河南深厚的传统武术底蕴与多样的形式与流派"四个角度入手,具体分析该地区武戏兴盛的原因。     

黑龙江及周边中强震前不同参数模型矩加速释放(AMR)现象特征分析

应用时间破裂分析方程中表征地震距释放程度的m值,选取不同空间尺度进行时空扫描研究,得到震前1年以每2个月为时间间隔的空间m值随时间变化的分布图像,运用不同参数设置计算了地震前Benioff累积应变释放特征。通过对比这些变化找出研究区内m值空间分布搜索主震破裂点扫描效果较好的参数模型,尝试性地给出了"矩释放程度空间扫描"方法应用于地震预测的经验指标。并结合与矩加速释放具有相同物理机制的加卸载响应比(Load/Unload Response Ratio)方法进行综合分析,利用这两种方法对地震进行中短期预测,达到两种方法互相检验、相互辅助的目的。考虑到本文仅对6个震例进行研究,无法给出具有统计显著性的结论,所以仍需结合其他方法进行点、线、面的综合分析。     

双燃料四冲程发动机拉缸的原因及防范措施

本文主要介绍海上油田作为主发电站的四冲程柴油机的拉缸现象和征兆及其产生的根本原因,并根据曹妃甸油田主电站所用德国MAN双燃料发动机所出现的问题来进行具体的技术分析,并提出较好的预防柴油机拉缸事故方面的预防措施。针对引起拉缸的典型故障情况,故障原因、应急处理以及预防措施进行总结分析,目的在于提高电站管理人员的警惕性,防止类似事故的发生,也为以后进一步提高电站的稳定性和安全性提供参考。     

青藏高原淡水湖泊水化学组成特征及其演化

青藏高原淡水湖具有高生态价值和高脆弱性并存的特点.以海拔5 080 m±10 m的打加芒错湖水为研究对象,测试及分析了湖水化学组分,探讨了其主要离子来源、控制因子和湖泊水化学演化趋势.结果表明,湖水阳离子以Ca2+和Na+为主,阴离子以HCO3-为主,为HCO3-Ca型水;TDS为71.2～199.8 mg·L-1,矿化度低;受地表径流的稀释作用和富铝贫钙的地质背景约束湖区东南部水体的EC、Ca2+和HCO3-浓度均较低.湖水的Na+/(Na++Ca2+)为0.08～0.75,Cl-/(Cl-+HCO3-)为0.11～0.35,Ca/Na值为0.58,Mg/Ca值为0.12,HCO3/Na值为1.46,据Gibbs模型和元素化学计量分析表明,其化学组成主要受硅酸盐岩风化控制.湖区流域参与风化的矿物岩石包括斜长石(钙长石、钠长石)、钾长石、云母、石膏、盐岩等,但以斜长石风化为主,湖水的K/Na值平均为0.059,表明流域钾长石风化程度较低.湖水中方解石、白云石、石英、石膏等矿物饱和指数(SI)大于0,石盐的SI则小于0,揭示了青藏高原上淡水湖泊演变成咸水湖的变化趋势.     

Biodegradation of 2-methylquinoline by Enterobacter aerogenes TJ-D isolated from activated sludge

Bacterial strain Enterobacter aerogenes TJ-D capable of utilizing 2-methylquinoline as the sole carbon and energy source was isolated from acclimated activated sludge under denitrifying conditions. The ability to degrade 2-methylquinoline by E. aerogenes TJ-D was investigated under denitrifying conditions. Under optimal conditions of temperature (35℃) and initial pH 7, 2-methylquinoline of 100 mg/L was degraded within 176 hr. The degradation of 2-methylquinoline by E. aerogenes TJ-D could be well described by the Haldane model (R² > 0.91). During the degradation period of 2-methylquinoline (initial concentration 100 mg/L), nitrate was almost completely consumed (the removal efficiency was 98.5%), while nitrite remained at low concentration (< 0.62 mg/L) during the whole denitrification period. 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2-methylquinoline, 4-ethyl-benzenamine, N-butyl-benzenamine, N-ethyl-benzenamine and 2,6-diethyl-benzenamine were metabolites produced during the degradation. The degradation pathway of 2-methylquinoline by E. aerogenes TJ-D was proposed. 2-Methylquinoline is initially hydroxylated at C-4 to form 2-methyl-4-hydroxy-quinoline, and then forms 2-methyl-4-quinolinol as a result of tautomerism. Hydrogenation of the heterocyclic ring at positions 2 and 3 produces 2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-4-quinolinol. The carbon-carbon bond at position 2 and 3 in the heterocyclic ring may cleave and form 2-ethyl-N-ethyl-benzenamine. Tautomerism may result in the formation of 2,6-diethyl-benzenamine and N-butyl-benzenamine. 4-Ethyl-benzenamine and N-ethyl-benzenamine were produced as a result of losing one ethyl group from the above molecules.     

“超量负载”昭示了什么?

2012年的中秋国庆长假,旅行和游览过度拥挤的现象给人们留下了特殊的印象。以前的黄金周也曾发生过过度拥挤的情况,但今年似乎达到了极致:高速公路变"高堵"公路,车站机场排起长龙,旅游景点水泄不通,名胜古迹几乎"踩沉",消费垃圾堆积如山,其情其景触目     

饶毅 让论文质量飞一会儿

在科研论文畸形竞赛的喧嚣中,北大教授饶毅一直坚持质量而不怕＂慢＂——在科学界讨论科研态度和论文质量时,井冈山大学论文造假事件屡被提及。井冈山大学化学化工学院讲师钟华和工学院讲师刘涛为责任人,发表在国际学术期刊《晶体学报》的70篇论文存在造假现象,被一次性撤销。这起中国SCI论文饥渴背景下的疯狂案例曾令国际舆论哗然。     

Acute and chronic toxic effects of Pb2+ on polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis：Morphological changes and responses of the antioxidant system

Perinereis aibuhitensis was used to assess adverse biological effects caused by acute and chronic Pb2＋exposure in artificial seawater under controlled laboratory conditions. In 96-hr acute toxicity experiments,the morphological changes showed a positive time/dose-dependent tendency,and the 96-hr LC50 value of Pb2＋was 686.41 mg/L. The responses of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in tissues including catalase（CAT）,peroxidase（POD）,superoxide dismutase（SOD）,glutathione peroxidase（GSH-PX）,malondialdehyde（MDA） and the content of total soluble protein（TSP）,were investigated on days 1,4,7 and 10 after Pb2＋exposure under chronic toxicity testing. Results showed that the activation of the antioxidant system in P. aibuhitensis depended on the Pb2＋concentration and the duration of exposure time.Specifically,POD and SOD activities were induced on the first day of the exposure and decreased to the control level on day 10 after exposure. Therefore,these two indexes could be used to indicate oxidative stress associated with P. aibuhitensis exposure to Pb2＋.     

雷电带来的灾害

雷电是自然界中一种异常激烈的声、光、电现象。它产生于雷雨云中荷电中心与大地之间的放电过程,也可产生于云中或云际正负荷电中心之间的放电过程。前者是地闪,后者是云闪。雷电放电过程形成强大的闪电电流,其峰值通常为上万安培,有时高达20万安培,同时辐射强烈的电磁波和强光,震荡冲击波发出雷声。雷击,每年导致世界上成千上万人丧命,电力、建筑、森林、航空航天、电信通讯遭受严重破坏,导致国家和人民生命财产遭受重大损失。