药物混粉爆炸事故及防范对策的研究

从近几年制药行业频繁爆炸事故出发,分析制药行业爆炸事故的种类,从粉尘爆炸入手,以某制药企业为研究对象,对其爆炸粉体克拉维酸钾进行了爆炸参数测试,运用20L球形粉尘爆炸测试装置测定其爆炸下限为40g/m3。同时运用差热扫描热分析法对其进行放热反应进行研究,再利用毛细管气相色谱法对该混合物中是否存在可燃气体进行了评定,发现其存在丙酮可燃气体,但含量较低为9.3×10-5。针对上述特点,从技术和管理角度出发,分析应对措施以及常见的问题,设计了混粉机械人机界面,编制了安全检查表,对该类共性问题进行了归纳,以供防范药物混粉事故发生参考。     

Ultrasonic preparation of nano-nickel/activated carbon composite using spent electroless nickel plating bath and application in degradation of 2,6-dichlorophenol

Ni was effectively recovered from spent electroless nickel （EN） plating baths by forming a nano-nickel coated activated carbon composite. With the aid of ultrasonication, melamine- formaldehyde-tetraoxalyl-ethylenediamine chelating resins were grafted on activated carbon （MFT/AG）. PdC12 sol was adsorbed on MFT/AC, which was then immersed in spent electroless nickel plating bath; then nano-nickel could be reduced by ascorbic acid to form a nano-nickel coating on the activated carbon composite （Ni/AC） in situ. The materials present were carefully examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electro- chemistry techniques. The resins were well distributed on the inside and outside surfaces of activated carbon with a size of 120 ± 30 nm in MFT/AC, and a great deal of nano-nickel particles were evenly deposited with a size of 3.8 ± 1.1 nm in Ni/MFT. Moreover, Ni/AC was successfully used as a catalyst for ultrasonic degradation of 2.6-dichloronhenol.     

Biofilm structure and its influence on clogging in drip irrigation emitters distributing reclaimed wastewater

Using reclaimed wastewater for crop irrigation is a practical alternative to discharge wastewater treatment plant effluents into surface waters.However,biofouling has been identified as a major contributor to emitter clogging in drip irrigation systems distributing reclaimed wastewater.Little is known about the biofilm structure and its influence on clogging in the drip emitter flow path.This study was first to investigate the microbial characteristics of mature biofilms present in the emitters and the effect of flow path structures on the biofilm microbial communities.The analysis of biofilm matrix structure using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that particles in the matrix of the biofilm coupled extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and formed sediment in the emitter flow path.Analysis of biofilm mass including protein,polysaccharide and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) showed that emitter flow path style influenced biofilm community structure and diversity.The correlations of biofilm biomass and discharge reduction after 360 h irrigation were computed and suggest that PFLAs provide the best correlation coefficient.Comparatively,the emitter with the unsymmetrical dentate structure and shorter flow path (Emitter C) had the best anti-clogging capability.By optimizing the dentate structure,the internal flow pattern within the flow path could be enhanced as an important method to control the biofilm within emitter flow path.This study established electron microscope techniques and biochemical microbial analysis methods that may provide a framework for future emitter biofilm studies.     

国外应对灾害扫描

纵观历史,人类一直在和各种自然灾害顽强地做斗争。随着社会的发展和科学技术的不断更新,我们人类应对自然灾害的能力和方法都发生了巨大变化。如今,各国政府对于如何应对灾害都出台了一系列的措施。同时,从一个国家应对灾害的态度和能力上,可以看出一个国家的文明程度和国家的综合实力。我国是一个国土辽阔的国家,自然灾害频繁发生。     

保安全的人体扫描仪

正随着国家安全与反恐形势的恶化,对人员的安检日益成为安检工作的薄弱环节。为应对越来越严峻的恐怖袭击威胁,西方国家开始加速推广人体成像安检设备,其中以人体扫描仪为主。这类扫描仪可以探测到人们随身携带的除纺织品之外的所有物品,探测速度很快且不留死角,比传统的贴身搜检更加有效。目前,比较成熟的人体扫描技术主要有两种,一种是背散射扫描技术,一种是毫米波扫描技术。还有一种太赫兹扫描技术在研发和测试中,性能还不太稳定。     

安全视觉识别系统在电梯中的应用

众多电梯事故表明,电梯安全需要文化建设来参与.为减少电梯事故的发生,引入安全视觉识别系统.电梯事故建立瑞士奶酪模型,通过安全视觉识别系统弥补安全漏洞.通过调研分析电梯所在环境、受众、信息,发掘系统基本要素和应用要素,设计开发标识、标志和信息,制定应用手册等步骤,在现有的法律体系基础上,保证一致性与差异性结合,遵循人性化...     

固定化混合菌修复油污染地表水的研究

从辽河油田受石油污染的河床底泥中筛选出一株芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.)和一株黄杆菌(Flavobacterium sp.),采用二次交联化学方法对2株细菌单独及混合固定,分别进行了不同接种量的固定化细菌对油的降解,以及固定化混合菌对环境的耐受性和在自然地表水中对油的降解进行研究,结果表明,在相同时间内固定化混合菌对油的降解效果明显优于固定化单株菌,而且都优于游离菌。固定化混合菌pH在6～10、温度在20～40℃范围内能保持较好的活性。在120 h时,固定化混合菌对自然地表水中油的降解率达94.5%,对地表水中COD的去除率达89.6%。扫描电子显微镜分析显示,固定化载体的微观结构适合细菌的生长,固定化混合菌在载体内部形成高密度的菌群。以上的研究为固定化微生物应用于油污染地表水的生物修复提供了一定的理论基础。     

不除氧单扫描示波极谱法测定茶叶中钙

研究了在不除氧条件下，用单扫描示波极谱法测定茶叶中钙，在０．０２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＫＯＨ体系中，钙－桑色素络合物于－０．７８Ｖ产生一灵敏的极谱峰，峰电流与钙浓度在０．１￣０．８μｇ／ｍＬ之间有良好的线性关系。方法灵敏、准确、简便、选择性好。     

单扫描极谱法测定水环境中的氟离子

单扫描极谱法测定水环境中的氟离子郑启芳，王爱兰，李翔武，程国遐，陆光旷／武汉同济医科大学，４３００３０华中师范大学化学系，４３００７０自从Ｂｅｌｃｈｅｒ等首先用光度法对Ｌａ２＋－茜素络合剂（ＡＬＣ）－氟离子体系研究以来，作为测定Ｆ的方法有不少报导”一...     

饮用水或地表水中低浓度农药的扫描分析方法

欧洲市场对农药分析有特殊的要求 :饮用水中每一种农药及每一种转化产品的浓度不得超过 0 1μｇ·ｌ- 1 (ｐｐｂ) .这一规定要求检测方法能够在不同基质中搜寻低浓度、宽范围的不同化合物 ,同时排除干扰物质 .如此复杂而苛刻的要求 ,需要采用梯度方法及二极管矩阵检测手段的ＨＰＬＣ系统来完成 .二极管矩阵检测器可以帮助鉴定峰的归属 ,确定色谱峰的“纯度” ,并且在每一种化合物紫外光谱吸收最大的波长下进行检测 ,从而优化每种物质的检测灵敏度 .梯度的准度与精度 ,色谱输液系统平稳输液的能力 ,以及检测器的性能对农药分析的成功与否皆…