烧结法赤泥的强度演化规律

筑坝堆存是现在处理赤泥的主要方式,为了堆场安全继续向上堆载,对烧结法赤泥强度的演变规律进行了研究。通过对比不同深度处赤泥的抗剪强度,表明赤泥强度的形成与堆载时间没有必然的联系;再通过对新进场的赤泥进行强度追踪,得到赤泥强度形成过程中抗剪强度与滤水固结时间的关系曲线,从时间因素上为赤泥的安全堆载提供一个理论依据。     

抗侵蚀型生态沟渠构建及其稻田应用效果

根据沟渠水力学和工程力学特征,通过引进三维植物网护坡技术,构建了一种抗侵蚀型稻田生态沟渠,横断面0.9 m2,沟壁和沟底水生植物覆盖度分别为62.8%和35.3%,沟壁抗坡面侵蚀强度较土质沟渠可提高2倍以上,在优化污染物拦截去除功能的同时,大大延长了其使用寿命。稻田应用实验表明,径流排水停留时间超过48 h后,SS、TN和TP去除率分别达59.5%、57.8%和45.3%,配置比例按照1 hm2水稻田配300 m该型生态沟渠实施,则超过80%以上的稻田径流排水能够得到有效处理。该型生态沟渠工程造价约245元/m,接近传统混凝土排水渠单价,经近2年的运行观测,沟渠系统结构稳定,净化植物长势良好。     

考虑支座约束影响的网架结构抗火性能

在研究高温下钢材物理性能和力学性能的非线性变化对网架结构承载力影响的基础上,进一步考虑支座约束对网架结构抗火性能的影响.采用温度增量加载方法对受支座约束的网架结构在非均匀温度场巾的力学反应全过程进行了分析,得到了网架结构在大空间建筑火灾升温过程中达到承载力极限状态时的临界温度.在对影响临界温度的参数进行分析的基础上,得出了支座约束刚度、网架结构抗剪刚度与整体抗弯刚度比、荷载比、温度场非均匀程度及网架结构平面几何尺寸对网架结构临界温度的影响规律,并提出了考虑支座约束影响的正放四角锥网架结构临界温度的实用计算方法.     

植被混凝土抗侵蚀性能研究

基材的抗侵蚀性能是生态护坡成功的关键因素之一。通过设计的实验装置对3组不同边坡进行了侵蚀实验,探讨了植被混凝土的抗侵蚀机理,比较了3种边坡的抗侵蚀性能。实验表明:植被混凝土生态防护边坡具有良好的抗侵蚀性能,在同等条件下无植被防护土质边坡的坡面侵蚀速率比有植被防护土质边坡的坡面侵蚀速率高出两个数量级。     

钢铁工业是发展循环经济的优先切入点——访原冶金工业部副部长、中国工程院院士殷瑞钰

2008年4月28日,胡锦涛总书记在中共中央政治局第五次集体学习会上发表的重要讲话中指出：“加快转变经济发展方式,是关系到国民经济全局紧迫而重大的战略任务,是提高我国经济国际竞争力和抗风险能力的重大举措,是全面实现建设小康社会奋斗目标的重要保证。”特别强调：“要按科学发展观的要求,坚持走中国特色新型工业化道路”。为此,本刊就钢铁工业如何发展循环经济,     

干湿循环作用下吹填固化轻质土蠕变特性研究∗

采用新型固化技术对高含水率吹填土进行固化处理,通过三轴流变仪,考虑干湿循环次数、围压和初始静偏应力等因素研究其对吹填固化轻质土蠕变变形和抗剪强度指标的影响规律。试验结果表明：吹填固化轻质土具有密度小、质量轻及强度高等优点。在一定程度上,增大围压可有效缓解吹填固化轻质土的蠕变变形,而初始静偏应力对其影响较小,前7 次干湿循环对土体破坏应力的影响最大,而后基本保持不变。抗剪强度指标c、φ 值均随初始静偏应力的增加而逐渐降低,随干湿循环次数的增加呈现出先减小而后逐渐稳定的趋势,且前7 次干湿循环,二者均呈指数函数降低;7 次以后,变化均较小并逐渐稳定。基于c、φ 值与时间关系曲线,分别构建了不同偏应力作用下吹填固化轻质土c、φ 值的预测公式。根据蠕变曲线发展态势,通过回归分析,引入围压、初始静偏应力和干湿循环次数等因素,建立了吹填固化轻质土蠕变变形预测模型,并验证了其可行性。研究结果可为实际工程场地提供理论依据。     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Cobalt and manganese stress in the microalga Pavlova viridis （Prymnesiophyceae）： Effects on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes

Pollution of marine environment has become an issue of major concern in recent years.Serious environmental pollution by heavy metals results from their increasing utilization in industrial processes and because most heavy metals are transported into the marine environment and accumulated without decomposition.The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects on growth,pigments, lipid peroxidation,and some antioxidant enzyme activities of marine microalga Pavlova viridis,in response to elevated concentrations of cobalt(Co)and manganese(Mn),especially with regard to the involvement of antioxidative defences against heavy metal-induced oxidative stress.In response to Co~(2 ),lipid peroxidation was enhanced compared to the control,as an indication of the oxidative damage caused by metal concentration assayed in the microalgal cells but not Mn~(2 ).Exposure of Pavlova viridis to the two metals caused changes in enzyme activities in a different manner,depending on the metal assayed:after Co~(2 )treatments,total superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity was irregular,although it was not significantly affected by Mn~(2 )exposure.Co~(2 )and Mn~(2 )stimulated the activities of catalase(CAT)and glutathione(GSH),whereas,ghitathione peroxidase(GPX)showed a remarkable increase in activity in response to Co~(2 )treatments and decreased gradually with Mn~(2 )concentration,up to 50μmol/L,and then rose very rapidly,reaching to about 38.98% at 200μmol/L Mn~(2 ).These results suggest that an activation of some antioxidant enzymes was enhanced,to counteract the oxidative stress induced by the two metals at higher concentration.     

锰基催化剂低温选择性催化还原脱硝研究进展

低温氨选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)技术是解决NOx污染最有前途的方法.综述了用于SCR技术的非负载型锰基催化剂和负载型锰基催化剂的研究进展,介绍了金属氧化物载体、碳材料载体和其他载体对锰基催化剂低温NH3-SCR反应性能的影响,分析了催化剂的抗硫性能机理.指出:低温NH3-SCR脱硝效率高、抗硫抗水性能好的锰基催化...     

水下抗分散水泥土正交试验及配比优化方法研究∗

水流经过桩基时会形成漩涡侵蚀床面,影响桩基及上部结构的稳定性,冲刷治理是工程界关注的热点问题。 为促进固化土技术在桩基冲刷修复中的应用,设计开展了抗分散水泥固化土系列正交试验。针对高岭土和淤泥土,选用 PAM、EVA、黄原胶、HPMC 四种抗分散剂,采用平均效果分析和极差分析,研究了抗分散剂种类、抗分散剂掺量、含水量和水泥掺量对流动度、浊度、7 d 和 28 d 无侧限抗压强度的影响。结果表明：对于高岭土,抗分散剂掺量从 0.25‰ 增大到 1‰,水泥土流动度减小 20%,浊度减小 25%,抗分散剂掺量对流动性和抗分散性的影响显著。对于淤泥土,对抗分散性影响显著的仍是抗分散剂掺量,而对流动性的影响显著的则是含水量,含水量从 1.4 倍液限增大到 2.0 倍液限,水泥土流动度增大 45%。基于综合平衡法、矩阵分析法和多元线性回归模型,提出了一种抗分散水泥土配比设计方法,研究得到了高岭土和淤泥土抗分散水泥固化土的推荐配比,其在泥沙起动实验中的抗冲刷特性明显优于原始土样。