浅谈VOCs燃烧法处理技术及发展

近年来随着大气污染治理的力度不断加强,PM2.5、PM10、SO₂、NO₂等多项污染物治理效果显著,但我国VOCs排放总量却呈上升趋势。文章首先对挥发性有机物(VOCs)进行的来源和危害进行简要介绍;其次对VOCs易混淆的几点概念进行阐述;最后对大气中VOCs燃烧法处理技术进行深入分析,期望为基层有关工作者及涉VOCs燃烧法处理企业提供部分参考价值。     

成都春季VOCs污染特征及其对SOA和O3生成贡献的研究——以2020年4～5月发生的PM2.5和O3污染过程为例

成都市2020年4月15～16日和4月28～5月6日分别发生了细颗粒物(PM_2.5)污染过程和臭氧(O₃)污染过程,利用2020年4月13～5月10日成都市区57种挥发性有机物(VOCs)小时数据,研究两次污染过程中VOCs对PM_2.5污染和O₃污染的影响。通过计算VOCs的臭氧生成潜势(OFP)、二次有机气溶胶生成潜势(SOAFP),以及使用比值分析法,探讨成都市VOCs优先控制物种及来源。结果表明,污染时段VOCs浓度较清洁时段均有所升高,但烷烃占比有所下降。污染时段的OFP和SOAFP较清洁时段均有所升高,间/对二甲苯和甲苯对SOA生成和O₃生成贡献均排名前列,控制这两种组分的排放是成都市控制O₃和SOA前体物的有效途径。比值分析结果得出,VOCs气团受本地排放影响较大,PM_2.5污染时段和清洁时段的VOCs受机动车尾气排放影响较多,O₃污染时段的VOCs除受到机动车尾气排放影响以外,还受溶剂使用的影响。作...     

煤焦化行业VOCs的排放特征与治理技术研究进展

我国焦炭年产量处于长期增长状态,焦化生产过程中产生的挥发性有机物(VOCs)对环境的影响不容忽视。焦化行业VOCs废气具有成分复杂、排放节点多,毒性强等特点,且挥发性有机物是细颗粒物(PM_2.5)和臭氧(O₃)的前体物,对环境和人体健康造成严重危害。本文主要针对VOCs的来源、排放特征以及治理措施进行梳理和分析,为VOCs治理技术发展的研究提供思路。     

生物净化挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的研究进展

有机废气中大多含有低浓度的苯、甲苯、苯乙烯、多环芳烃等挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)。这类挥发性有机化合物会对人体健康和生态环境造成危害。治理VOCs污染是大气污染治理的重要部分。生物法处理有机废气具有运行费用低、没有二次污染等优点。常用的生物处理技术主要有生物过滤池、生物滴滤池和生物洗涤塔。20世纪80年代生物法在欧洲得到快速发展,我国于90年代以后也开始了生物处理VOCs废气的研究,并取得了一定的成就。     

Reversibly enhanced aqueous solubilization of volatile organic compounds using a redox-reversible surfactant

Surfactant-enhanced remediation (SER) is an effective method for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from contaminated soils and groundwater. To reuse the surfactant the VOCs must be separated from the surfactant solutions. The water solubility of VOCs can be enhanced using reversible surfactants with a redox-acive group, (ferrocenylmethyl)dodecyldimethylammonium bromide (Fcl2) and (ferrocenylmethyl)tetradecanedimethylammonium bromide (Fcl4), above and below their critical micelle concentrations (CMC) under reducing (I⁺) and oxidative (I²⁺) conditions. The CMC values of Fcl2 and Fcl4 in I⁺ are 0.94 and 0.56 mmol/L and the solubilization of toluene by Fcl2 and Fcl4 in I⁺ for toluene is higher than the solubilization achieved with sodium dodecyl sulfate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and Trition X-114. The solubilization capacity of the ferrocenyl surfactants for each tested VOCs ranked as follows: ethylbenzene > toluene > benzene. The solubilities of VOCs by reversible surfactant in I⁺ were 30% higher than those in I²⁺ at comparable surfactant concentrations. The effects of Fcl4 concentrations on VOCs removal efficiency were as follows: benzene > toluene > ethylbenzene. However, an improved removal efficiency was achieved at low ferrocenyl surfactant concentrations. Furthermore, the reversible surfactant could be recycled through chemical approaches to remove organic pollutants, which could significantly reduce the operating costs of SER technology.     

城市污水处理厂厌氧消化污泥调理脱水性能研究

通过在污水厂实地取样,首先用阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(cationic polyacrylamide,CPAM)调理储泥池混合污泥与消化污泥,比较2种污泥投药前后的毛细吸水时间(capillary suction time,CST),发现消化污泥的CST明显小于储泥池的污泥。然后,检测这2种污泥的调理过程中Zeta电位的变化,并研究了挥发性悬浮物(volatile suspended solids,VSS)、总悬浮固体(total suspended solid,TSS)蛋白质、多糖以及胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)总量对脱水效果的影响。结果表明投药后消化污泥脱水性能优于混合污泥,最佳投药量为4‰~4.5‰;污泥中VSS/TSS越高,污泥脱水效果越差;污泥中蛋白质含量是影响污泥脱水效果的重要因素之一,其含量低于26.5%时,污泥压滤后含水率随蛋白质含量升高而升高,但当蛋白质含量高于26.5%时,无明显变化规律。     

关于室内污染物采样过程的探讨及治理

近年来,室内空气质量成为了广范关注的话题。为了预防和控制民用建筑工程中建筑材料和装修材料产生的室内环境污染,结合现行室内环境污染控制标准和规范,文章对规范中主控的甲醛、氨、苯、TVOC、氡在采样过程中遇见的问题及采取的相关措施进行讨论,并对室内环境污染物的治理方法进行总结。     

Effects of metal and acidic sites on the reaction by-products of butyl acetate oxidation over palladium-based catalysts

Catalytic oxidation is widely used in pollution control technology to remove volatile organic compounds. In this study, Pd/ZSM-5 catalysts with different Pd contents and acidic sites were prepared via the impregnation method. All the catalysts were characterized by means of N2 adsorption- desorption, X-ray fluorescence （XRF）, HE temperature programmed reduction （H2-TPR）, and NH3 temperature programmed desorption （NH3-TPD）. Their catalytic performance was investigated in the oxidation of butyl acetate experiments. The by-products of the reaction were collected in thermal desorption tubes and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. It was found that the increase of Pd content slightly changed the catalytic activity of butyl acetate oxidation according to the yield of CO2 achieved at 90%, but decreased the cracking by-products, whereas the enhancement of strong acidity over Pd-based catalysts enriched the by-product species. The butyl acetate oxidation process involves a series of reaction steps including protolysis, dehydrogenation, dehydration, cracking, and isomerization. Generally, butyl acetate was cracked to acetic acid and 2- methylpropene and the latter was an intermediate of the other by-products, and the oxidation routes of typical by-products were proposed. Trace amounts of 3-methylpentane, hexane, 2-methylpentane, pentane, and 2-methylbutane originated from iso4merization and protolysis reactions.     

深圳市中心城区VOCs污染特征与臭氧来源量化分析

文章利用莲花山生态监测站污染物观测数据与近地面气象数据,分析了2018年9月21日～10月18日深圳市出现连续臭氧(O3)污染过程期间,城区挥发性有机物(VOCs)体积分数与活性的变化特征;同时结合光化学箱模型对深圳市O3污染来源进行了量化分析.研究发现:阴雨天VOCs局地累积效应增强,O3生成主要受限于光照条件;偏东...