Antimony smelting process generating solid wastes and dust：Characterization and leaching behaviors

A large amount of solid waste has been produced by the antimony smelting process in the＂World Capital of Antimony＂, Xikuangshan area in China. This study comprehensively investigated the physical and chemical characteristics of the various solid wastes, as well as the leaching behavior of the solid wastes, which included water-quenched slag,arsenic-alkali residue, desulfurized slag and blast furnace dust. These four types of waste were enriched in a variety of heavy metals and metalloids and more specifically with As and Sb levels up to 8.6 × 104 and 3.16 × 105mg/kg, respectively, in arsenic-alkali residue. For desulfurized slag and water-quenched slag, the leaching concentration of Sb significantly exceeded the acceptable limits during the leaching tests using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure and the synthetic precipitation leaching procedure. In addition, As leaching in arsenic-alkali residue was extraordinarily hazardous, being three orders of magnitude higher than the regulatory level of As. According to the results of the extraction tests, all the tested wastes were classified as hazardous waste.     

Fouling distribution in forward osmosis membrane process

Fouling behavior along the length of membrane module was systematically investigated by performing simple modeling and lab-scale experiments of forward osmosis （FO） membrane process. The flux distribution model developed in this study showed a good agreement with experimental results, validating the robustness of the model. This model demonstrated, as expected, that the permeate flux decreased along the membrane channel due to decreasing osmotic pressure differential across the FO membrane. A series of fouling experiments were conducted under the draw and feed solutions at various recoveries simulated by the model. The simulated fouling experiments revealed that higher organic （alginate） fouling and thus more flux decline were observed at the last section of a membrane channel, as foulants in feed solution became more concentrated. Furthermore, the water flux in FO process declined more severely as the recovery increased due to more foulants transported to membrane surface with elevated solute concentrations at higher recovery, which created favorable solution environments for organic adsorption. The fouling reversibility also decreased at the last section of the membrane channel, suggesting that fouling distribution on FO membrane along the module should be carefully examined to improve overall cleaning efficiency. Lastly, it was found that such fouling distribution observed with co-current flow operation became less pronounced in counter- current flow operation of FO membrane process.     

Arsenic removal from groundwater by acclimated sludge under autohydrogenotrophic conditions

Arsenic in the environment is attracting increasing attention due to its chronic health effects. Although arsenite(As(III)) is generally more mobile and more toxic than arsenate(As(V)), reducing As(V) to As(III) may still be a means for decontamination, because As(III) can be removed from solution by precipitation with sulfide or by adsorption or complexation with other metal sulfides. The performance of As(V) bio-reduction under autohydrogenotrophic conditions was investigated with batch experiments. The results showed that As(V) reduction was a biochemical process while both acclimated sludge and hydrogen were essential. Most of the reduced arsenic remained in a soluble form, although 20% was removed with no addition of sulfate, while 82% was removed when sulfate was reduced to sulfide. The results demonstrated that the reduced arsenic was re-sequestered in the precipitates, probably as arsenic sulfides. Kinetic analysis showed that pseudo first-order kinetics described the bio-reduction process better than pseudo second-order. In particular, the influences of pH and temperature on As(V) reduction by acclimated sludge under autohydrogenotrophic conditions and total soluble As removal were examined. The reduction process was highly sensitive to both pH and temperature, with the optimum ranges of pH 6.5–7.0 and 30–40°C respectively. Furthermore, Arrhenius modeling results for the temperature effect indicated that the As(V) reduction trend was systematic. Total soluble As removal was consistent with the trend of As(V) reduction.     

汽车报废破碎 资源回收率须9成

正根据商务部要求,由中国汽车技术研究中心组织起草的《报废汽车破碎技术规范》行业标准征求意见稿近日公布并公开征求意见,意见反馈截止日期为2014年5月30日。拟定中的技术规范提出,汽车报废破碎分选后,可再生资源综合回收率将不低于90%。今后,汽车报废破碎厂区不应位于饮用水源保护区、基本农田保护区或其他需要特别保护的区域,作业场地面积不低于20 000 m2,并配备收集污水的排水沟、油水分离等污水处理装置。通过设备分选或人     

电力施工工程的安全管理环节优化初探

电力工程的施工安全关系着施工人员的人身安全以及居民企业的用电安全,电力企业加强对电力安全的管理,可以确保电力能源能够及时有效地输送给居民和企业,保证企业良好健康地运行。当前我国的电力施工依然存在着一些安全问题,本文对此进行了简要的分析,并且提出了从管理环节上进行优化的一些建议,希望能够为我国电力企业提供一些帮助。     

海底油气管道泄漏的原因及防范

随着全球油气工业正在向海洋进军,人类钻井足迹从陆地延伸到海洋,茫茫大海中出现越来越多的油气钻井平台,犹如洒在蔚蓝海面的点点星光。海底蜿蜒曲折的油气管道,成为全球能源运输动脉的重要组成部分。与此同时,随着海底油气管道不断延伸变长,海底油气管道破裂泄漏的风险也悄然增加,成为海洋溢油事故的原因之一,防范海底油气管道的泄漏已成当务之急。与传统碰撞或触礁导致油轮泄漏、钻采平台操作失误或部件老化等原因引发的溢油事故相比,海底油气管道破裂在行为模式、影响范围、修复周期等方面都有明显不同,因此应对策略和预防措施也必须加以调整。     

工艺安全警示灯

<正>点火源在工艺管道和设备的内部或外部,防止发生火灾和易燃气体爆炸的最好方法就是避免形成易燃混合物。对工艺设备内部而言,这就意味着要控制好火灾三角形(左图)中的可燃物和氧气这两条边。而对工艺设备外部来说,我们必须要防止工艺设备中的可燃或易燃性的气体、液体以及粉尘(燃料)等泄漏到周围的环境中,因为环境空气中氧总是存在的。     

基于“六位一体”模式的直接作业环节HSE管理

<正>现代化的企业不缺乏安全生产的规章制度、操作规程,关键在于能否严格遵守、认真落实这些规章制度。中国石化天津分公司化工部大芳烃车间在多年的实际工作中,不断总结和创新,逐渐建立了"六位一体"安全管理模式,它把相关的人员、责任进行了有机结合,为制度的实施创造了和谐的环境,为装置直接作业环节的安全提供了可靠的保证。     

2011年10月珠江三角洲一次区域性空气污染过程特征分析

2011年10月18—25日珠江三角洲地区出现了一次区域性空气污染过程,重污染区域集中在西部,后期向中部转移,PM₁₀为首要污染物.针对本次空气污染过程的研究发现,此次珠江三角洲地区空气污染过程主要受大尺度冷高压活动的影响,一直为下沉气流所控制,500 m以下近地层风速很小,边界层高度较低,存在贴地逆温层,非常不利于污染物的输送和扩散.PM₁₀浓度与风速、能见度呈显著的负相关关系,与温度相关性不显著;且与风速和温度的相关性存在滞后性.稳定天气形势、大范围下沉气流、近地层静小风和贴地逆温是导致这次区域性空气污染过程的气象原因,PM₁₀浓度增加导致珠江三角洲能见度下降.     

现场直接作业安全管理浅析

<正>中国石化扬子石化公司近年来相继进行了炼油装置改造和煤气化等大型项目的施工,以及环氧乙烷、燃煤锅炉烟气脱硝等装置的改扩建和检维修工作,动火、登高、进入受限空间等直接作业频繁,安全管理任务重、难度大。扬子公司根据管理特点,通过对现场直接作业安全管理现状的分析,采取针对性的安全管理措施,收到了良好的安全管理效果。1现场直接作业安全管理现状a)现场工程项目存在层层分包现象,分包商人员素质、HSE管理水平较低,不能满足目前HSE