农药混配剂对大鼠肠酯酶同工酶的抑制作用研究

比较了速灭杀丁、杀螟松和增效剂NIA_(16388)的单剂和混剂在离体与整体条件下对大鼠肠脂酶同工酶的抑制作用.结果表明,大鼠肠至少有10条酯酶带,主要由羧酸酯酶组成.杀螟松能强烈抑制羧酸酯酶活力,而速灭杀丁与NIA_(16388)在处理2h时呈现抑制作用,而随处理时间的增加酶活力有恢复的现象,羧酸酯酶的这种抑制作用同杀虫剂的剂量有关.     

无污染的物理性杀虫剂

美国推出了一种作用机理根本不同于目前广泛使用的化学杀虫剂的杀虫剂。它是通过药剂的物理性成对昆虫进行杀灭而对人畜没有毒性。它除了有杀虫作用而可用作动植物体和环境等杀虫外,还因含丰富的矿物质和微量元素可作为动物饲料添加剂,增强动物骨质结构,     

两种新型杀虫剂对小鼠及蝌蚪微核形成率的影响

研究了吡虫啉和抑食肼对小鼠骨髓细胞及蝌蚪红细胞微核率的影响.实验结果表明,上述两种杀虫剂在不同的暴露系统中,呈现了不同的致突变效应.与阴性对照组相比,小鼠骨髓细胞微核形成率无显著性差异(P＞0.05),而它们对蝌蚪红细胞均呈现明显的致突变效应(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),且吡虫啉的致突变性明显高于抑食肼.     

保护海水免受杀虫剂污染的卫生学问题

据联合国世界卫生组织审定,杀虫剂,特别是有机氯杀虫剂(ХОП)是对环境污染面积大,危害严重的一种污染物。目前,杀虫剂同石油产品、重金属、去污剂一样已成为海洋环境的主要污染物。联合国环境规划署指出,从对人体危害的观点来看,杀虫剂于海洋环境的有毒物质中居第二位,仅次于放射性核素和汞。 有机氯杀虫剂对海洋环境的污染具有全球性,且呈增长趋势。在全世界范围大量生产和     

Effects of nature organic matters and hydrated metal oxides on the anaerobic degradation of lindane, p, p '-DDT and HCB in sediments

Effects of natural organic matters(NOM) and hydrated metal oxides(HMO) in sediments on the anaerobic degradation of γ-666,p, p‘-DDT and HCB were investigated by means of removing NOM and HMO in Liaohe River sediments sequentially. The results showed that the anaerobic degradation of γ-666, p, p‘ -DDT and HCB followed pseudo-first-order kinetics in different sediments. But, the extents and rates of degradation were different, even the other conditions remained the same. Anaerobic degradation rates of γ-666, p, p ‘-DDT and HCB were 0.020 d^-1, 0.009 d^-1 and 0.035 month^-1 respectively for the sediments without additional carbon resources. However, with addition ofcarbon resources, the anaerobic degradation rates of γ-666, p, p‘-DDT and HCB were 0.071 d^1, 0.054 d^-1 and 0.088 month^-1 in the original sediments respectively. After removing NOM, the rates were decreased to 0.047 d^-, 0.037 d^-1 and 0.066 month^-1 ; in thesediments removed NOM and HMO, the rates were increased to 0.067 d^-1 , 0.059 d^-1 and 0.086 month^-1 . These results indicated that NOMin the sediments accelerated the anaerobic degradation of γ-666, p, p‘-DDT and HCB ; the HMO inhibited the anaerobic degradation of γ-666,p, p ‘-DDT and HCB.     

液相飞行时间质谱(LC/MSD TOF)和液相色谱/离子阱质谱(LC/MSD Trap)测定色拉蔬菜中的氯烟碱类杀虫剂

本工作考察了液相色谱／飞行时间质谱检测器(LC／MSDTOF)和液相／离子阱质谱检测器(LC／MSD Trap)联用技术分析一些氯烟碱类杀虫剂的可行性．杀虫剂包括：啶虫咪(acetamiprid)，吡虫啉(imidacloprid)和噻虫啉(thiacloprid)．色拉蔬菜有四种：番茄、辣椒、莴苣和黄瓜．本文介绍的内容包括三种氯烟碱类杀虫剂的LC／MSDTOF和LC／MSD Trap质谱，TOF获得的实验分子式和四种蔬菜基质中氯烟碱类杀虫剂的MS／MS碎片离子．同时也将详细介绍样品制备程序以及色拉蔬菜中杀虫剂的回收、最低检测限(MDL)的质谱质量、线性，使用TOF和Trap对纯溶剂和四种蔬菜提取物中杀虫剂的定量分析．给出了来自市场的实际色拉蔬菜样品中杀虫剂的分析结果．     

国内要闻

我国如期实现杀虫剂类POP5淘汰 2009年5月17日，环境保护部召开“落实政府公告，践行绿色承诺，共筑和谐家园”暨5．17杀虫剂类持久性有机污染物（POPs）淘汰宣传活动。从2001年5月到目前为止，共有164个国家签署了要力争淘汰杀虫剂类持久性有机污染物的《斯德哥尔摩公约》。中国政府经过八年奋战，履约工作取得积极进展。为落实《中国履行斯德哥尔摩公约国家实施计划》要求，     

超高效液相色谱/电喷雾串联质谱(UPLC/MS/MS)分析全氟代化合物(PFCs)

近年来,在全球范围内的环境和人体血液中检测到全氟代化合物(PFCs)增长的趋势,引起了研究者和有关当局的关注.PFCs同时具有亲水性和疏水性,经常用于地毯、纤维、皮革的处理、纸张和食品包装物等,也是塑料生产、灭火剂、抛光剂和杀虫剂的功能化学品.     

Gridded inventories of historical usage for selected organochlorine pesticides in Heilongjiang River Basin, China

Introduction O rganochlorine pesticides (O C Ps) is a com m on nam e of a group of pesticides consisting of benzene and chlorine. Som e of O C Ps belong to persistent organic pollutants (PO Ps) that are sem i-volatile, bioaccum ulative, persistent and toxic (V allack et al., 1998; Jones and de V oogt, 1999). O CPs are ubiquitous pollutants due to their long-range transport potential. These chem icals have even been found in rem ote areas like the A rctic (M acdonald etal., 2000; A M A …     

Dynamics of novel insecticide HNPC-A9908 residue in vegetable-field ecosystem

HNPC-A9908 （o-（3-phenoxybenzyl）-2-methylthio-1-（4-chlorophenyl） propyl ketone oxime）, a novel oxime insecticide, is a highly effective and broad-spectrum insecticide which can be widely used to control many species of foliar insects on various crops. A study was conducted to evaluate the fate of HNPC-A9908 and study the degradation dynamics of HNPC-A9908 residue in vegetable field ecosystem. The results showed that degradation of HNPC-A9908 was much faster in vegetable pakchoi than in soil, and its half-life in pakchoi and soil was 1.32 and 3.75 d, respectively. The final residue of HNPC-A9908 in pakchoi was at the undetectable level to 0.122 mg/kg. As a conclusion, a dosage of 90 g/hm^2 was suggested and considered to be safe to human beings and animals.