适用于废水处理的DSA电极的研究进展

电化学氧化技术因其具有氧化能力强、可控性高、运行费用低及对环境友好的特点,引起了人们极大的关注.处于核心地位的DSA（Dimensionally Stable Anodes）电极是电化学工作者研究的重点.Ti基氧化铅、氧化铱、锡锑氧化物等电极是目前最有研究价值的DSA电极,文章介绍了这些电极的一些最新的研究成果.     

适用于废水处理的DSA电极的研究进展

电化学氧化技术因其具有氧化能力强、可控性高、运行费用低及对环境友好的特点,引起了人们极大的关注。处于核心地位的DSA（Dimensionally Stable Anodes）电极是电化学工作者研究的重点。Ti基氧化铅、氧化铱、锡锑氧化物等电极是目前最有研究价值的DSA电极,文章介绍了这些电极的一些最新的研究成果。     

硅烷偶联剂对油页岩灰渣制备疏水性SiO_2气凝胶介孔材料的影响

以油页岩灰渣制备的水玻璃为原料,采用不同种类的硅烷偶联剂,在常压下制备了多孔疏水SiO2气凝胶。实验结果表明:在常压干燥之前,对湿凝胶进行溶剂交换-表面改性,是获得多孔气凝胶的关键。未加入硅烷偶联剂制备的气凝胶具有微孔结构;不同硅烷偶联剂制备的SiO2气凝胶均为纳米颗粒组成的中孔结构,比表面积800~980 m2/g,密度0.084~0.11 g/m3,最可几孔径9.38~10.10 nm;FT-IR分析结果表明凝胶表面Si-OH已被改性为Si-CH3,表面呈现较强的疏水性,且疏水性HMDZ>TMCS>DMDC。TG-DTA实验结果表明,改性气凝胶的热稳定性都能达到350℃,HMDZ和TMCS的气凝胶具有更高的热稳定性。     

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solution by raw and modified plant residue materials as biosorbents

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）, e.g., naphthalene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene and pyrene, from aqueous solution by raw and modified plant residues was investigated to develop low cost biosorbents for organic pollutant abatement. Bamboo wood, pine wood, pine needles and pine bark were selected as plant residues, and acid hydrolysis was used as an easily modification method. The raw and modified biosorbents were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The sorption isotherms of PAHs to raw biosorbents were apparently linear, and were dominated by a partitioning process. In comparison, the isotherms of the hydrolyzed biosorbents displayed nonlinearity, which was controlled by partitioning and the specific interaction mechanism. The sorpfion kinetic curves of PAHs to the raw and modified plant residues fit well with the pseudo second-order kinetics model. The sorption rates were faster for the raw biosorbents than the corresponding hydrolyzed biosorbents, which was attributed to the latter having more condensed domains （i.e., exposed aromatic core）. By the consumption of the amorphous cellulose component under acid hydrolysis, the sorption capability of the hydrolyzed biosorbents was notably enhanced, i.e., 6-18 fold for phenanthrene, 6-8 fold for naphthalene and pyrene and 5-8 fold for acenaphthene. The sorpfion coefficients （Kd） were negatively correlated with the polarity index [（O＋N）/C], and positively correlated with the aromaticity of the biosorbents. For a given biosorbent, a positive linear correlation between logKoc and logKow for different PAHs was observed. Interestingly, the linear plots of logKoc-logKow were parallel for different biosorbents. These observations suggest that the raw and modified plant residues have great potential as biosorbents to remove PAHs from wastewater.     

Review of the progress in preparing nano Ti02： An important environmental engineering material

TiO2 nanomaterial is promising with its high potential and outstanding performance in photocatalytic environmental applications, such as CO2 conversion, water treatment, and air quality control. For many of these applications, the particle size, crystal structure and phase, porosity, and surface area influence the activity of TiO2 dramatically. TiO2 nanomaterials with special structures and morphologies, such as nanospheres, nanowires, nanotubes, nanorods, and nanoflowers are thus synthesized due to their desired characteristics. With an emphasis on the different morphologies of TiO2 and the influence factors in the synthesis, this review summarizes fourteen TiO2 preparation methods, such as the sol-gel method, solvothermal method, and reverse micelle method. The TiO2 formation mechanisms, the advantages and disadvantages of the preparation methods, and the photocatalytic environmental application examples are proposed as well.     

现代物流绿色运输模式的节能减排潜力分析

介绍了现代物流绿色运输模式节能减排的机理及国内外研究与应用情况。以北京市三家店铁路货场改造为例,分析了现代物流绿色运输模式在北京市节能减排的效果。结果表明,以该模式运营后,三家店铁路货场可节约能源20 555 t/a(以标煤计,下同),减少PM2.5排放90.9 t/a;如按1 500万t/a进京货物计算,北京市可节约能源883 864 t/a,减少PM2.5排放3 908.7 t/a。在2012年物流业相关统计的基础上,结合该模式在北京运营的效果,分析了现代物流绿色运输模式对我国物流业节能减排的潜力,如对现有铁路闲置的2 546个货运站进行固定资产盘活改造,可节约能源5 000万t/a,减少PM2.5排放约20万t/a,同时激活沿途经济发展,节能减排潜力巨大。     

斯道拉恩索将在美国投资建造生物质可再生材料示范工厂

近日,全球性生物质材料、纸张、包装和林木制品的创想者斯道拉恩索（Stora Enso）宣布,将投资3200万欧元（约合2．53亿元人民币）在美国路易斯安那州雷斯兰市建造一家生物质可再生材料示范性市场开发工厂,以对其新近全资收购的美国生物技术公司Virdia所开发的先进纤维素类生物质提取分离技术进行工业验证,助力斯道拉恩索生物质材料事业部在生物化学和生物质材料领域的发展壮大。     

未来10大高风险高回报的新技术

世界经济论坛全球事务理事会发布了一份关于信息技术的新报告,其中提到了10项有可能对全社会造成重大影响的新技术。这10项新技术涵盖了科学、医学、能源、制造、交通和电子等众多领域,理事会的报告简要说明了那些新技术将如何影响和改变我们的生活。     

锂电池正极材料Li2FeS2的充放电机理与热稳定性

随着移动电子设备的飞速发展,锂电池作为新型的能源载体也取得了巨大的进步。与嵌入式氧化物正极材料相比,Li2FeS2不仅具有理想的循环性能,而且其理论容量达到400mAh／g,约为嵌入式氧化物正极材料的2倍。因此,本文从晶体结构、电化学性能、充放电机制、充放电过程中的离子电导率变化以及热稳定性等方面对Li2FeS2正极材料进行了详细的阐述。     

油气回收技术推广介绍

<正>汽油在储存、运输过程中挥发的油气对环境、健康和安全产生的危害越来越引起人们的重视。据统计,中国石化作为我国最大的成品油供应商,2005年汽油产量就达到2.298×10~7t,如此巨量的汽油在储运环节中,每年排到大气中的油气可达几万吨。因此,全面推广油气回收技术,控制油气的排放,实现清洁生产,不但满足HSE等方面的需要。也体现了中国石化作为中央企业的一种社会责任感。