离子色谱法测定土壤中草甘膦的提取溶液选择

以辽宁棕壤等10种土壤为样品,探讨了水和pH值=9.00～14.00的氢氧化钠(NaOH)作为提取液对草甘膦分析的影响.结果表明,以水为提取液,仅石灰性紫色土和灰钙土能获得较高的回收率,其他所测土壤尤其是pH值<8.00的土壤其回收率较低,提取效果受土壤理化性质影响明显.以pH值=9.00～14.00的NaOH为提取液...     

电渗析分离硫酸钠溶液的研究

工业生产中经常遇到含酸、碱、盐的废水,尤其是低浓度废水,直接排放既浪费资源又污染环境,如果加以处理则可以回收工业原料并将水净化。采用常规的方法处理低浓度的废水比较困难且成本较高,而用电渗析方法提浓后,再用常规的方法处理则可以大大降低成本。我们对电渗析分离硫酸钠水溶液过程中极限电流密度与浓度、流量、温度等因素的关系进行了研究。１　试验部分１１　原料无水硫酸钠,无水亚硫酸钠（分析纯）。１２　装置电渗析器：２００×４００ｍｍ（一级一段）;隔板：无回路聚丙烯编织网;膜类：均相阴、阳离子交换膜;电极：…     

Biosorption of clofibric acid and carbamazepine in aqueous solution by agricultural waste rice straw

Due to their widespread use, clofibric acid （CA） and carbamazepine （CBZ） have been frequently detected simultaneously at relatively high concentrations in aquatic environments. In this study, agricultural waste rice straw was employed as a potentially low-cost, effective and easy-to-operate biosorbent （RSB） to remove CA and CBZ. The adsorption of both pharmaceuticals followed pseudo second-order kinetics, and intraparticle diffusion was an important rate-limiting step. The adsorption isotherms of both drugs were fit well with Freundlich model. The adsorption of CA onto RSB was exothermic and was more likely to be dominated by physical processes, while the adsorption of CBZ was endothermic. Solution pH was determined to be the most important factor for CA adsorption, such that the adsorption capacity of CA onto RSB increased with the decline of solution pH. In the lower range of solution pH below 3. l, the CA removal efficiency was enhanced with the increase of biosorbent dosage. The CBZ removal efficiency was enhanced with the increase of RSB dosage without pH control. The maximum adsorption capacities were 126.3 mg/g for CA and 40.0 mg/g for CBZ.     

Adsorption of β-naphthalenesulfonic acid/sulfuric acid from their solution by weakly basic resin: equilibrium

Experiments for single and bisolute competitive adsorption were carried out to investigate the adsorption behavior of β-naphthalenesulfonic acid(NSA) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) from their solution at 25℃ onto weakly basic resin D301R. Adsorption affinity of sulfuric acid on D301R was found to be much higher than that of NSA. The data of single-solute adsorption were fitted to the Langmuir model and the Freundlich adsorption model. The ideal adsorbed solution theory(lAST) coupled with the single-solute adsorption models were used to predict the bisolute competitive adsorption equilibria. The lAST coupled with the Langmuir and the Freundlich model for sulfuric acid and NSA, respectively, yields the favorable representation of the bisolute competitive adsorption behavior.     

紫外辐射对腐殖酸溶液理化性质及其混凝性能的影响

为探明紫外辐射对腐殖酸溶液在后续混凝过程的促进原理,系统考察了紫外辐射对腐殖酸溶液理化性质的影响规律,以及这些理化性质上的变化对腐殖酸混凝性能的影响.结果表明,经紫外辐射处理后,除Zeta电位外,腐殖酸溶液的p H、色度和黏度均呈现不同程度的下降趋势.进一步研究发现,黏度对腐殖酸溶液的混凝效果影响相对较弱.酸性条件下,腐殖酸溶液的混凝性能明显增加.Zeta电位的增加使得胶体之间更易聚集沉淀.此外,除了相对分子质量为10×10~3~30×10~3和小于1×10~3的腐殖酸所占比例增加外,低分子量腐殖酸所占比重也无明显改变,这可能是紫外辐射后腐殖酸溶液混凝性能不降反增的重要原因.     

甲基橙溶液多相光催化降解研究

利用中压汞灯作为光源,在ＴｉＯ２粉末悬浆体系内,以甲基橙溶液光降解脱色速率为例,探讨间歇式电光源圆柱形光化学反应器的运行情况及影响因素．分别考察了使用３００Ｗ和５００Ｗ中压汞灯、石英和玻璃冷阱、甲基橙溶液温度在２０℃或５０℃、不同ＴｉＯ２催化剂以及不同催化剂投加量对甲基橙溶液脱色速率的影响．从而得出在现有电光源圆柱形反应器的最佳运行条件下,２０ｍｇ／Ｌ的甲基橙溶液光照１０ｍｉｎ,脱色率达９７．４％．     

混凝微界面过程研究与进展:AOM颗/粒物-IPF水-溶液相互作用的重要性

颗粒物微界面的物理化学过程在混凝工艺中起着十分重要的决定作用.有关界面过程化学的研究构成了混凝技术研究与发展的重要内容和理论基础.本文仅以颗粒物/AOM-IPF-水溶液的相互作用为例,从水体颗粒物的稳定性、高效纳米絮凝剂的研究、微界面形态与过程以及混凝作用机理等诸方面,对该领域的研究与进展加以系统介绍.     

基于散流器的盐雾箱饱和加湿技术研究

目的 提升盐雾箱饱和加湿桶湿式加热性能，保证盐雾试验过程沉降盐雾溶液浓度的稳定，进行盐雾试验箱饱和加湿桶的设计与研究。方法 对饱和加湿桶压缩空气入口和出口进行结构设计，入口采用散流器实现湿式加热，出口设置气水分离器，对出口气流进行气水分离，从而形成较为“洁净”的饱和湿空气。对饱和加湿桶进行性能测试，验证盐雾试验箱饱和加湿方法的有效性。结果 散流器可以使气流在水中形成稳定的流动，有效抑制气流直通液面的浪涌现象，避免液滴飞溅产生，并增大了压缩空气与去离子水的接触面积。供气压力为50~150 kPa时，饱和加湿桶出口气流的相对湿度在不同温度下均可达到83%~90%，且试验过程出口流道无明水喷射。结论 通过对饱和加湿桶的设计，有效提升了湿式加热的效率，并形成较为“洁净”的饱和湿空气，满足盐雾试验要求。