室外大型空气压缩机的噪声治理技术

某室外安装的大型空气压缩机对环境造成了严重噪声污染，离机器2m远处噪声高达114．5dB(A)。在不允许停机的情况下，充分利用现场条件，采取了为空气压缩机加隔声罩、进气口滤清器加消声百页和管道作隔声包扎等综合治理措施，相应测点噪声已降至88．7dB(A)，厂界噪声降至机器安装前背景值。室外机器的噪声控制方法与室内机器有许多不同，分析了这些差异并重点介绍了所设计的隔声罩在声学、通风、耐气候性和结构等方面的设计要点。     

北京市加油站职业病危害现状调查

目的:了解北京地区加油站职业病危害现状。方法:按照国家相关标准规范对北京市137家加油站的工作场所进行了汽油、苯、甲苯、二甲苯和噪声的检测。结果:加油站职业病危害因素浓/强度均符合国家职业接触限值要求,确定汽油为主要职业病危害因素。结论:北京市加油站职业危害较小,但长期接触低浓度的汽油,加之劳动强度大、作业时间长等特点会损害人体的免疫功能。     

Atmospheric lead pollution in fine particulate matter in Shanghai, China

The Pb-monitoring program was extended for 6 years from 2002 to 2007 at 17 representative urban sites (6 traffic, 5 industrial, and 6 residential sites), and 3 suburban sites to assess the lead pollution in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) after phasing out leaded gasoline in Shanghai. Compared with Pb levels reported in other places, the Pb pollution in Shanghai is still serious after phasing out leaded gasoline, which remains at high concentration range (213–176 ng/m3) in PM2.5 in winter. Significant spati...     

Influence of driving cycles on exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of gasoline passenger car in Bangkok

The influence of different driving cycles on their exhaust emissions and fuel consumption rate of gasoline passenger car was investigated in Bangkok based on the actual measurements obtained from a test vehicle driving on a standard chassis dynamometer. A newly established Bangkok driving cycle (BDC) and the European driving cycle (EDC) which is presently adopted as the legislative cycle for testing automobiles registered in Thailand were used. The newly developed BDC is constructed using the driving characteristic data obtained from the real on-road driving tests along selected traffic routes. A method for selecting appropriate road routes for real driving tests is also introduced. Variations of keyed driving parameters of BDC with different driving cycles were discussed. The results showed that the HC and CO emission factors of BDC are almost two and four times greater than those of EDC, respectively. Although the difference in the NOx emission factor is small, the value from BDC is still greater than that of EDC by 10%. Under BDC, the test vehicle consumes fuel about 25% more than it does under EDC. All these differences are mainly attributed to the greater proportion of idle periods and higher fluctuations of vehicle speed in the BDC cycle. This result indicated that the exhausted emissions and fuel consumption of vehicles obtained from tests under the legislative modal-type driving cycle (EDC) are significantly different from those actually produced under real traffic conditions especially during peak periods.     

生物燃料引领航空业绿色未来

飞机燃油大致有三种：航空汽油、航空煤油、航空柴油。民用客机绝大多数使用航空煤油。因为大型客机要在1万米之上高空飞行。其发动机必须适应高空缺氧、气温气压较低的恶劣环境,而航空煤油具有低温性、安定性、蒸发性、润滑性以及无腐蚀性较好、不易起静电和着火危险性小等特点。     

Optimization of gasoline hydrocarbon compositions for reducing exhaust emissions

Effects of hydrocarbon compositions on raw exhaust emissions and combustion processes were studied on an engine test bench. The optimization of gasoline hydrocarbon composition was discussed. As olefins content increased from 10.0% to 25.0% in volume, the combustion duration was shortened by about 2 degree crank angle ( CA), and the engine-out THC emission was reduced by about 15%. On the other hand, as aromatics content changed from 35.0% to 45.0%, the engine-out NOx emissions increased by 4%. An increment in olefins content resulted in a slight increase in engine-out CO emission, while the aromatics content had little e ect on engine-out total hydrocarbon (THC) and CO emissions. Over the new European driving cycle (NEDC), the THC, NOx and CO emissions of fuel with 25.0% olefins and 35.0% aromatics were about 45%, 21% and 19% lower than those of fuel with 10.0% olefins and 40.0% aromatics, respectively. The optimized gasoline compositions for new engines and new vehicles have low aromatics and high olefins contents.     

乙醇汽油与普通汽油的环保性比较

通过对6个采用了乙醇汽油的地区使用前后空气数据的基础对比,并辅以乙醇汽油与普通汽油的优缺点及使用环境区别比较,分析了采用乙醇汽油的优点及一些局限性.从乙醇汽油试点城市中,选取黑龙江、辽宁、山东、湖北、河南、广西6省市调研,采集了其某一周期空气数据进行对比分析.用取得数据和上年同期对比,发现使用乙醇汽油的城市,其机动车有害尾气排放量有所降低,从而一定程度上提升了空气质量;结果显示乙醇汽油在缓解能源压力和环保方面,较普通汽油相比均有着优势.     

车用乙醇汽油与无铅汽油排放污染物检测结果的比较分析

为了掌握机动车使用乙醇汽油后排气污染物检测结果的浓度大小变化情况,对使用乙醇汽油和无铅汽油的机动车排放污染物检测结果进行比较分析,为车用乙醇汽油全面推广提供实际检测的科学数据。     

乙醇汽油与普通汽油的环保性比较

目的：通过对六个采用了乙醇汽油的地区使用前后空气数据的基础对比,并辅以乙醇汽油与普通汽油的优缺点及使用环境区别比较,分析了采用乙醇汽油的优点及一些局限性。 方法：从乙醇汽油试点城市中,选取黑龙江、辽宁、山东、湖北、河南、广西六省市调研,采集了其某一周期空气数据进行对比分析。 结果：用取得数据和上年同期对比,发现使用乙醇汽油的城市,其机动车有害尾气排放量有所降低,从而一定程度上提升了空气质量。 结论：乙醇汽油在缓解能源压力和环保方面,较普通汽油相比均有着优势。     

汽油火车装车密闭控制系统应用浅析

正汽油等轻质油品从炼油厂或油库装车外运时,在铁路槽车装车或汽车槽车装车期间,由于油品自身的饱和蒸气压和油品喷溅、搅动等因素,不可避免地会产生油气挥发,造成油品损耗和环境污染,危害操作人员身体健康,而且常常因油气逸出扩散等原因引起火灾爆炸事故,对安全生产带来很大威胁。中国石化济南分公司结合汽油火车装车现状,于2014年对原有26套汽油火车装车小鹤管进行了技术升级改造,以先进的自动密闭装车控制