和田沙尘天气成因及其影响分析

的环境质量受沙尘暴、扬沙、浮尘天气和强度的影响,对林牧农业生产、人类健康及整个生态环境造成严重的危害。     

含雾滴放射性气溶胶的净化装置设计

根据实际使用要求,设计了符合高湿度,有雾滴存在条件下的放射性气溶胶的净化装置,根据现场使用,结果表明丝网过滤器对雾滴去除效果好,过滤箱体及滤芯压紧密封可靠,排放的气体符合标准。     

冬季中国东海大气气溶胶中水溶性离子的组成与来源分析

运用离子色谱对2009年冬季中国东海大气气溶胶中水溶性离子Cl-、NO3-、SO42-、CH3SO3-（MSA）、Na＋、K＋、NH 4＋、Mg2＋、Ca2＋进行了测定,同时由SPSS（statistical package for social sciences）软件进行相关性分析探讨其来源.分析结果表明,气溶胶中二...     

Validation of MODIS aerosol retrievals and evaluation of potential cloud contamination in East Asia

MODIS aerosol retrievals onboard Terra/Aqua and ground truth data obtained from AERONET(Aerosol Robtic Network) solar direct radiance measurements are collocated to evaluate the quality of the former in East Asia. AERONET stations in East Asia are separated into two groups according to their locations and the preliminary validation results for each station. The validation results showed that the accuracy of MODIS aerosol retrievals in East Asia is a little worse than that obtained in other regions such as Eastern U.S., Western Europe, Brazil and so on. The primary reason is due to the improper aerosol model used in MODIS aerosol retrieval algorithm, so it is of significance to characterize aerosol properties properly according to long term ground-based remote sensing or other relevant in situ observations in order to improve MODIS retrievals in East Asia. Cloud contamination is proved to be one of large errors, which is demonstrated by the significant relation between MODIS aerosol retrievals versus cloud fraction, as well as notable improvement of linear relation between satellite and ground aerosol data after potential cloud contamination screened. Hence, it is suggested that more stringent clear sky condition be set in use of MODIS aerosol data. It should be pointed out that the improvement might be offset by other error sources in some cases because of complex relation between different errors. Large seasonal variation of surface reflection and uncertainties associated with it result in large intercepts and random error in MODIS aerosol retrievals in northern inland of East Asia. It remains to be a big problem to retrieve aerosols accurately in inland characterized by relatively larger surface reflection than the requirement in MODIS aerosol retrieval algorithm.     

兰州市室外大气细菌气溶胶浓度及粒径分布特征

在兰州市不同室外环境区域布设4个采样点,使用PSW-6型安德森（Andersen）6级筛孔撞击式空气微生物采样器采集大气细菌气溶胶,分析其浓度和粒径日变化特征。结果表明,不同季节各采样点的大气细菌气溶胶浓度上午时段为88 CFU/m3～1 335 CFU/m3,下午时段为78 CFU/m3～865 CFU/m3。除了夏季兴隆山上午时段外,其余不同季节各采样点上、下午时段的大气细菌气溶胶粒径均主要分布于Ⅰ级—Ⅳ级（＞2.10μm）,占比为 70.54%～93.94%;Ⅴ级（1.10 μm～2.10μm）和Ⅵ级（0.65 μm～1.10 μm）大气细菌粒子占比较低,仅为6.06%～29.46%。     

气态硝酸在钙质山毛榉森林中沉降通量的研究

1987年5月至12月,在联邦德国哥廷根森林中,位于树冠不同高度上完成了气态硝酸浓度分布的测定。同时,还测定了森林中大气扩散参数。用模式计算出气态硝酸的沉降速度和沉降通量。结果表明,气态硝酸沉降通量平均约为26kg HNO₃—N/a·ha,气态硝酸浓度平均约为0.88μgHNO₃—N/m3,夜间浓度下降,43m处(树冠上面)气态硝酸浓度高于33m(树冠中)。在第1至第10个实验里气溶胶中气态硝酸与硝酸盐的比值是0.3,而在第11~14个实验中约为1~3。      

广州地区SO2转化规律及其形成气溶胶特征的研究

为探明广州地区的酸沉降和细粒子气溶胶污染来源,在该地区用室外烟雾箱进行了环境空气中SO₂反应实验研究,其结果表明:影响SO₂转化速率的主要因素是SO₂起始浓度、太阳光强度、相对湿度和空气中颗粒物。SO₂转化速率与箱内凝结核(简称CNC)气溶胶最大浓度密切相关。气态污染物转化是该地区的细粒子空气污染的一个重要来源。      

云岗石窟地区大气气溶胶污染特征研究

云岗石窟群(山西大同)正在受到大气污染的危害,特别是气溶胶粒子所造成的危害十分显著。本工作采集并分析了该地的气溶胶粒子并研究了其物理化学特性。结果显示,大部分气溶胶是由人为污染产生并且主要集中在粒径较小的范围。细粒子中有较多的酸性污染物并比粗粒子酸性强,这些细粒子对石窟有侵蚀作用。本文还对侵蚀机理进行了探讨并评价了危害程度。      

提高国产防尘口罩阻尘效率的探讨

防尘口罩阻尘效率的高低是防尘口罩性能优劣的重要标志。采用NaCl气溶胶对收集的国内外比较有代表性防尘口罩的阻尘效率进行了对比试验。表明:国产防尘口罩的阻尘效率与美、德、日等国家生产防尘口罩的阻尘效率存在较大差距。分析了差距原因,探讨了提高国产防尘口罩阻尘效率的方法和途径。     

南京市下关电厂周围地区气溶胶粒径分布规律研究

利用车载PC-2型气溶胶粒度分析仪流动监测南京市下关电厂周围地区,得到了电厂上、下风向不同的气溶胶粘径分布.通过比较分析,阐述了该地区悬浮颗粒物粒度分布的变化规律及电厂的影响程度,该方法快速、方便、准确,获得了较为满意的结果.