镉胁迫对大豆生长及籽粒中营养元素含量的影响

为了探明Cd胁迫下大豆生长发育及籽粒中Cd的积累和污染状况,采用土壤盆栽实验方法,研究了在两种土壤(红壤和河潮土)中添加不同质量比的Cd对大豆籽粒中N、P、K和Zn含量的影响,并对籽粒中Cd的累积量进行了分析.结果表明,两种土壤中添加低质量比Cd(0.25 mg/kg)均可促进大豆的生长,高质量比Cd则表现为抑制作用.不同质量比Cd的处理均降低大豆籽粒中N的质量分数.其下降幅度随Cd质量比的升高而增加;低质量比(0.25～0.50 mg/kg)Cd胁迫下,大豆籽粒中Cd-P表现为协同作用,高质量比Cd时则表现为拮抗作用;Cd-K在低质量比Cd胁迫下表现为拮抗作用;Cd-Zn在籽粒中表现为协同作用,叶片中则表现为拮抗作用.将土壤与大豆籽粒中Cd的质量比进行回归分析,表明在红壤中种植大豆,籽粒未受Cd污染(<0.20 mg/kg)的土壤的Cd临界质量比为0.157 mg/kg,河潮土则为0.769 mg/kg.     

白泥湖污水处理厂的设计特点

本文主要介绍广东省环境保护工程研究设计室与丹麦克鲁格公司合作设计的白泥湖污水处理厂的特点，重点在引进项目的消化、吸收。     

渤海莱州湾沉积物-水界面溶解无机氮的扩散通量

为了解不同条件下沉积物中有机物对水体无机氮的贡献,采用野外采样和现场培养法,在１９９７－０５和１９９７－０７莱州湾２个航次进行了沉积物－水界面营养盐扩散通量的实验研究,ＮＯ－３和ＮＨ＋４的扩散通量分别为０．０３８—３．６５ｍｍｏｌ／（ｍ２·ｄ）和０．９６—２．５２ｍｍｏｌ／（ｍ２·ｄ）．培养结果说明充氮或充空气与加氯化汞或不加氯化汞对沉积物－水界面溶解无机氮的扩散通量没有明显影响．莱州湾底部营养盐的扩散通量与其它地区比较处于中等偏上水平．     

城市污水生物脱氮除磷机理研究进展

介绍了生物脱氮、除磷的基本原理，综述了国内上关于城市污水脱氮除磷机理方面的研究现状和进展，并对今后开展这方面的研究提出展望 。     

高盐度、高氨氮肠衣废水的治理研究

高盐度、高氨氮肠衣废水经过简单的絮凝预处理后，进行ＰＡＣ－ＳＢＲ生化处理。在原水Ｃｌ￣－，ＮＨ＿３－Ｎ，ＣＯＤｃ＿ｒ浓度分别高达９０００ｍｇ／Ｌ，１４５ｍｇ／Ｌ和２０００ｍｇ／Ｌ时，预处理ＣＯＤｃ＿ｒ可去除３０％以上。生化法取得了９５％以上的ＮＨ＿３－Ｎ去除率及９０％左右的ＣＯＤｃ＿ｒ去除率．脱氮效果显著，Ｃｌ￣－对系统的生化能力无明显影响．     

盐度变化对崇明东部河口潮滩氮营养盐循环影响实验模拟研究

以长江口咸淡水交互作用最为典型岸段崇明东部潮滩作为研究区域,运用实验模拟方法,定量地研究了盐度变化对潮滩生态系中无机氮的迁移、转化过程的影响。结果发现,盐度升高有利于沉积物中的NH4-N向上覆水扩散,但NO2-N和NO3-N的界面扩散呈现相反的变化趋势;沉积物中可交换态无机氮含量变化特征显示,在盐度变化剧烈的潮滩生态系统内,硝化作用可能是控制沉积物(尤其是表层沉积物)中无机氮分布的重要因素。     

循环式活性污泥法（CASS）的研究进展

循环活性污泥系统(CASS)是一种将变容积活性污泥法和生物选择器原理有机地结合起来，具有同步脱氮除磷的以序批曝气-非曝气方式运行的充放式间歇活性污泥处理工艺。文中主要介绍了循环活性污泥法CASS工艺的发展、应用情况及其工艺特点、经济评价，存在问题，就该工艺在国内的应用提出了展望。     

Removal of high concentrated ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate by landfilled waste layer

The landfill of municipal solid waste(MSW) could be regarded as denitrification reactor and involved in ammonia nitrogen biological removal process. In this research, the process was applied to municipal solid waste collected in Shanghai, China, which was characterized by high food waste content. The NH4^ removal efficiency in the system of SBR nitrifying reactor followed by fresh and matured landfilled waste layer in series was studied. In the nitrifying reactor, above 90% of NH4^ in leachate was oxidized to NO2^- and NO3^- . Then high concentrated NO2^- and NO3^- were removed in the way of denitrification process in fresh landfilled waste layer. At the same time, degradation of fresh landfilled waste was accelerated. Up to the day 120, 136.5 gC/(kg dry waste) and 17.9 gN/(kg dry waste) were converted from waste layer. It accounted for 50.15 % and 86.89 % of the total carbon and nitrogen content of preliminary fresh waste, which was 4.42 times and 5.17 times higher than that of reference column respectively. After filtering through matured landfilled waste, BOD5 concentration in leachate dropped to below 100 mg/L, which would not affect following nitrification adversely. Because the matured landfilled waste acted as a well methanogenic reactor, 23% of carbon produced accumulatively from fresh landfilled waste degradation was converted into CH4.     

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on the water quality in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area during and after its construction

A survey concerning the concentration of the nutrients in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area was carried out. This paper presents the parameters(NO3^- -N, NO2^- -N, KjeldahI-N, non-ionic ammonia, P-PO4 and TP)determined at 16 sampling sites from 1997 to 1999. The dominant soluble nitrogen form was NO3^- -N followed by KjeldahI-N, NO2^- -N and non-ionic ammonia. Mean values of NO3^- -N, NO2^- -N, Kjeldahl-N and non-ionic ammonia ranged from 0.50 to 2.37 mg/L, 0.022 to 0.084 mg/L, 0.33 to 0.99 mg/L and 0.007 to 0.092 mg/L respectively.Mean values of P-PO4 at most sampling sites were higher than 0.1 mg/L for subject to eutrophication. The major factors influencing the concentrations of N and P might be agricultural runoff, municipal and industrial effluents. In addition, 6 kinds of soil were sampled at the area where would inundated after the dam completed. Two approaches were adopted to simulate the N and P release from the inundated soils. The results showed that the soils would release nitrogen and phosphorus to the overlying water when the soils were inundated. The characteristics of soil affected the equilibrium concentrations of N and P between the soil and the overlying water.     

耦合厌氧氨氧化反应的高氮负荷型双室MFC性能研究

实验针对厌氧氨氧化反应在双室型MFC阳极和阴极2种形式的耦合,将厌氧氨氧化菌分别接种于a、b-双室型MFC的阳、阴极,并探究其产电、脱氮性能及脱氮机理.结果表明,2种类型的MFC均可在NH+4-N、NO-2-N浓度分别为400 mg·L-1和528 mg·L-1的高氮浓度模拟配水条件下稳定启动.与开路状态下的线性关系曲线不同,2类MFC在闭路状态下氨氮、亚硝态氮浓度均呈单指数关系衰减曲线,脱氮效率显著提高,周期内氨氮、亚硝态氮去除率均分别达到99%和85%以上.另外a、b-MFC平均容积氮去除负荷分别为0.417 kg·m-3·d-1和0.516 kg·m-3·d-1.在外阻1500Ω条件下,a-MFC最高输出电压48.0 m V,b-MFC最高输出电压可达到502.2 m V,b-MFC稳定输电周期约2170 min.