生产水缓冲罐覆盖气消耗问题研究与解决

文章主要介绍了曹妃甸油田FPSO上注水缓冲罐覆盖氮气异常消耗及对油田工艺流程的影响,随之进行了原因分析,提出了解决方案,并最终实施现场改造,有效的解决了由于覆盖氮气异常消耗而发生的相关问题,为以后类似相关问题的解决提供了借鉴。     

Degradation of dichloromethane by an isolated strain Pandoraea pnomenusa and its performance in a biotrickling filter

A strain Pandoraea pnomenusa LX-1 that uses dichloromethane(DCM) as sole carbon and energy source has been isolated and identified in our laboratory. The optimum aerobic biodegradation of DCM in batch culture was evaluated by response surface methodology. Maximum biodegradation(5.35 mg/(L·hr)) was achieved under cultivation at 32.8°C, pH 7.3, and 0.66% NaCl. The growth and biodegradation processes were well fitted by Haldane's kinetic model, yielding maximum specific growth and degradation rates of 0.133 hr-1and 0.856 hr-1, respectively. The microorganism efficiently degraded a mixture of DCM and coexisting components(benzene, toluene and chlorobenzene). The carbon recovery(52.80%–94.59%) indicated that the targets were predominantly mineralized and incorporated into cell materials. Electron acceptors increased the DCM biodegradation rate in the following order: mixed oxygen iron sulfate nitrate. The highest dechlorination rate was 0.365 mg Cl-/(hr·mg biomass), obtained in the presence of mixed electron acceptors. Removal was achieved in a continuous biotrickling filter at 56%–85% efficiency, with a mineralization rate of 75.2%. Molecular biology techniques revealed the predominant strain as P. pnomenusa LX-1. These results clearly demonstrated the effectiveness of strain LX-1 in treating DCM-containing industrial effluents. As such, the strain is a strong candidate for remediation of DCM coexisting with other organic compounds.     

Nitric oxide removal by wastewater bacteria in a biotrickling filter

Nitric oxide(NO) is one of the most important air pollutants in atmosphere mainly emitted from combustion source. A biotrickling filter was designed and operated to remove NO from an air stream using bacteria extracted from the sewage sludge of a municipal sewage treatment plant. To obtain the best operation conditions for the biotrickling filter, orthogonal experiments(L9(34)) were designed. Inlet oxygen concentration was found to be the most significant factor of the biotrickling filter and has a significant negative effect on the system. The optimal conditions of the biotrickling filter occurred at a temperature of 40℃, a pH of 8.0 and a chemical oxygen demand of 165 mg/L in the recycled water with no oxygen in the system. The bacteria sample was detected by DNA sequencing technology and showed 93%–98% similarity to Pseudomonas mendocina. Moreover, a full gene sequencing results indicated the bacterium was a brand new strain and named as P. mendocina DLHK. This strain can transfer nitrate to organic nitrogen. The result suggested the assimilation nitrogen process in this system. Through the isotope experimental analysis, two intermediate products(15NO and 15N2O) were found. The results indicated the denitrification function and capability of the biotrickling filter in removing NO.     

生物滴滤工艺处理造纸污水站臭气的工程应用研究

采用生物滴滤塔(BTF),对造纸污水处理站臭气进行处理,结果表明,在气体空床停留时间(EBRT)为14 s,循环液p H2的条件下,治理后排放的硫化氢平均浓度从初始的115.3 mg/m3降至8.3 mg/m3,甲硫醚平均浓度从初始的89.5 mg/m3降至14.5 mg/m3,平均去除效率分别达到92.8%和83.8%。系统具有较强的抗高浓度硫化氢冲击能力。     

关于垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工艺的探讨

渗滤液的处理一直是生活垃圾填埋场存在的一大问题,尤其是新标准执行以来,对渗滤液的排放提出了更加严格的要求,因此处理工艺的选择成为达标排放的关键问题,本文中的“厌氧＋生化＋超滤＋纳滤＋反渗透”组合型渗滤液处理工艺能够确保污染物达标排放,并同时能满足处理后废水综合利用的要求。     

渗透探伤废水处理工程实例分析

针对渗透探伤废水的水质特点,以某企业10 m³/d小型渗透探伤废水处理项目为实例,设计采用物化方法,利用接触氧化+多次絮凝沉淀+活性炭吸附+精滤-超滤的工艺处理,使出水达标排放。试运行结果表明,出水可以稳定达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》第二类污染物最高允许排放浓度的一级标准要求。其中,COD<100 mg/L,BOD₅<20 mg/L,悬浮物(SS)<70 mg/L,NH₃-H<70 mg/L,油类<15mg/L,色度<60。该废水处理系统每吨废水处理运行成本约为260元,具有良好的效益。     

碳源对污水处理厂SAD工艺小试的影响

在市政污水处理厂进行同步厌氧氨氧化反硝化(SAD)工艺小试.以A/O除磷和亚硝化工艺处理后的生活污水为基质,启动厌氧氨氧化滤柱.反应器启动成功后,基质中分别投加葡萄糖和丙酸钠启动SAD工艺.结果表明,常温条件(13~22℃)下,进水投加30 mg·L~(-1)葡萄糖,SAD工艺耦合效果良好,平均出水总氮浓度为6.41 mg·L~(-1).相较于厌氧氨氧化工艺,SAD工艺出水总氮浓度降低了42%;低温环境(10~13℃)中,投加30 mg·L~(-1)葡萄糖,SAD工艺稳定性受到破坏并向反硝化工艺转变;常低温环境(10~22℃)中,基质中投加30 mg·L~(-1)丙酸钠,SAD工艺均有良好的处理效果,平均出水总氮浓度为6.54mg·L~(-1),丙酸钠对低温SAD工艺影响较小.     

洱海水华期间饮用水源区产毒微囊藻和微囊藻毒素-LR的分布特征

水华期间微囊藻毒素的释放会严重影响洱海饮用水源水质安全.应用荧光定量PCR结合酶联免疫法快速检测洱海水华高发秋季(8—11月)主要旅游区和饮用水源地产毒微囊藻丰度和微囊藻毒素LR浓度.结果表明,荧光定量PCR方法能够快速定量洱海中总微囊藻种群和产毒微囊藻丰度,并且能有效预测洱海水体产毒潜能.洱海总微囊藻平均丰度为8.15×10~6copies·L~(-1),9月份均值最高,产毒微囊藻平均丰度为6.42×10~5copies·L~(-1),也于9月达到最高值,占总微囊藻的比例为1.0%~69.8%,水温和TP显著影响洱海总微囊藻丰度,低温、低P是洱海微囊藻水华的限制因子.洱海毒素峰值期为10月上旬,期间水源地微囊藻毒素和胞外微囊藻毒素全部检出,叶绿素a显著影响总微囊藻毒素和胞外微囊藻毒素分布,说明在一定程度上Chl a值能预测水体微囊藻释放的毒素风险.洱海总微囊藻毒素LR最高值达2.17μg·L~(-1),已超过集中式生活饮用水地表水源地对MC-LR的限值(1.0μg·L~(-1)),表明水华期间洱海饮用水水源安全问题不容忽视.     

BF和BTF工艺去除DCM性能比较

分别以营养型缓释填料的生物过滤塔(BF)和聚氨酯小球为填料的生物滴滤塔(BTF)去除二氯甲烷(DCM)模拟废气.结果表明,采用"专属菌+综合菌"挂膜方式,BTF和BF分别在25 d和22 d内完成快速挂膜.扫描电镜结果表明,BF填料表面的菌落结构较为疏松、生物膜较薄,BTF填料表面的菌落结构致密、生物膜较厚.在DCM进口浓度100~1 500 mg·m-3、停留时间25~85 s条件下,BTF和BF对DCM均有较好的去除效果,最大去除负荷分别为22.61 g·(m3·h)-1和29.05g·(m3·h)-1.滤塔中CO2生产量与DCM降解量呈线性关系,经拟合得出BTF和BF的矿化率分别为70.4%和66.8%,且BTF矿化程度好于BF,表明滤塔内减少的DCM主要是被微生物利用降解.滤塔内DCM的降解动力学行为符合Michaelis-Menten模型,BTF和BF单位体积最大降解速率r max分别为22.779 0 g·(m3·h)-1和28.571 4 g·(m3·h)-1,气相饱和常数K s分别为0.141 2 g·m-3和0.148 6 g·m-3.     

有机污染物在电化学反应器中电化学降解过程研究

本文研究环氧丙烷皂化废水在滤压式电化学反应器中的电催化氧化降解过程.提高电流密度能提高降解速率,但增加了能耗,综合考虑最佳的电流密度是10mA/cm2.