常温低基质下碱度和溶解氧对厌氧氨氧化的影响

通过改变进水碱度、光照条件和溶解氧,对以陶粒为填料的常温低基质上向流厌氧氨氧化生物滤柱的脱氮性能进行了研究.借助克隆测序技术对滤柱内的微生物菌群进行了分析.结果表明,水温为20℃±2℃,水力停留时间为3 h条件下,当进水碱度在44~350 mg·L-1时,随着碱度的降低,氨氮去除率从97.2%降至75.6%,总氮去除率从89.7%降至75.1%,而亚硝氮去除率稳定在99.7%,进水碱度为0 mg·L-1时,出水亚硝氮浓度突跃至4.9 mg·L-1.当进水碱度恢复至350 mg·L-1,存在自然光照情况下,氨氮去除率较没有光照时的氨氮去除率降低12.3%.水力停留时间为1.5 h条件下,当进水DO小于3mg·L-1时,平均氨氮去除率和亚硝氮去除率分别为99.7%和100%,平均总氮去除负荷为1.0 kg·(m3·d)-1.16S rRNA克隆测序鉴定结果表明,滤柱下部的厌氧氨氧化菌种类为Candidatus Jettenia asiatica和Candidatus Brocadia sp.,这两种菌对20℃±2℃水温有很好的适应性.     

Nitric oxide removal by wastewater bacteria in a biotrickling filter

Nitric oxide(NO) is one of the most important air pollutants in atmosphere mainly emitted from combustion source. A biotrickling filter was designed and operated to remove NO from an air stream using bacteria extracted from the sewage sludge of a municipal sewage treatment plant. To obtain the best operation conditions for the biotrickling filter, orthogonal experiments(L9(34)) were designed. Inlet oxygen concentration was found to be the most significant factor of the biotrickling filter and has a significant negative effect on the system. The optimal conditions of the biotrickling filter occurred at a temperature of 40℃, a pH of 8.0 and a chemical oxygen demand of 165 mg/L in the recycled water with no oxygen in the system. The bacteria sample was detected by DNA sequencing technology and showed 93%–98% similarity to Pseudomonas mendocina. Moreover, a full gene sequencing results indicated the bacterium was a brand new strain and named as P. mendocina DLHK. This strain can transfer nitrate to organic nitrogen. The result suggested the assimilation nitrogen process in this system. Through the isotope experimental analysis, two intermediate products(15NO and 15N2O) were found. The results indicated the denitrification function and capability of the biotrickling filter in removing NO.     

Degradation of dichloromethane by an isolated strain Pandoraea pnomenusa and its performance in a biotrickling filter

A strain Pandoraea pnomenusa LX-1 that uses dichloromethane(DCM) as sole carbon and energy source has been isolated and identified in our laboratory. The optimum aerobic biodegradation of DCM in batch culture was evaluated by response surface methodology. Maximum biodegradation(5.35 mg/(L·hr)) was achieved under cultivation at 32.8°C, pH 7.3, and 0.66% NaCl. The growth and biodegradation processes were well fitted by Haldane's kinetic model, yielding maximum specific growth and degradation rates of 0.133 hr-1and 0.856 hr-1, respectively. The microorganism efficiently degraded a mixture of DCM and coexisting components(benzene, toluene and chlorobenzene). The carbon recovery(52.80%–94.59%) indicated that the targets were predominantly mineralized and incorporated into cell materials. Electron acceptors increased the DCM biodegradation rate in the following order: mixed oxygen iron sulfate nitrate. The highest dechlorination rate was 0.365 mg Cl-/(hr·mg biomass), obtained in the presence of mixed electron acceptors. Removal was achieved in a continuous biotrickling filter at 56%–85% efficiency, with a mineralization rate of 75.2%. Molecular biology techniques revealed the predominant strain as P. pnomenusa LX-1. These results clearly demonstrated the effectiveness of strain LX-1 in treating DCM-containing industrial effluents. As such, the strain is a strong candidate for remediation of DCM coexisting with other organic compounds.     

生物滴滤工艺处理造纸污水站臭气的工程应用研究

采用生物滴滤塔(BTF),对造纸污水处理站臭气进行处理,结果表明,在气体空床停留时间(EBRT)为14 s,循环液p H2的条件下,治理后排放的硫化氢平均浓度从初始的115.3 mg/m3降至8.3 mg/m3,甲硫醚平均浓度从初始的89.5 mg/m3降至14.5 mg/m3,平均去除效率分别达到92.8%和83.8%。系统具有较强的抗高浓度硫化氢冲击能力。     

关于垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工艺的探讨

渗滤液的处理一直是生活垃圾填埋场存在的一大问题,尤其是新标准执行以来,对渗滤液的排放提出了更加严格的要求,因此处理工艺的选择成为达标排放的关键问题,本文中的“厌氧＋生化＋超滤＋纳滤＋反渗透”组合型渗滤液处理工艺能够确保污染物达标排放,并同时能满足处理后废水综合利用的要求。     

生产水缓冲罐覆盖气消耗问题研究与解决

文章主要介绍了曹妃甸油田FPSO上注水缓冲罐覆盖氮气异常消耗及对油田工艺流程的影响,随之进行了原因分析,提出了解决方案,并最终实施现场改造,有效的解决了由于覆盖氮气异常消耗而发生的相关问题,为以后类似相关问题的解决提供了借鉴。     

国务院办公厅关于加强安全生产监管执法的通知

<正>国办发[2015]20号一、健全完善安全生产法律法规和标准体系(一)加快制修订相关法律法规。抓紧制定安全生产法实施条例等配套法规,积极推动矿山安全法、消防法、道路交通安全法、海上交通安全法、铁路法等相关法律修订出台,加快煤矿安全监察、石油天然气管道保护、民用航空安全保卫、重大设备监理、高毒物品与高危粉尘作业劳动保护、安全生产应急管理等有关法规的研究论证和制修订工作。各省级人民政府要推动安全生产地方性法规、规章制修     

干湿比对砂土地下渗滤系统净化能力的影响

通过搭建以砂土为主的地下渗滤系统,考察不同干湿比条件对地下渗滤系统污染物净化能力的影响。在水力负荷为0.08 m3/(m2·d)时,设5种运行条件,分别为连续运行及4个干湿比条件(1∶2、1∶1、2∶1、3∶1)。研究表明:干湿运行对地下渗滤系统的净化能力影响显著,其中干湿比为1∶1时污染物净化效果最好,COD、氨氮、TN、TP去除率分别达到90%、95%、70%、85%。建议北方以砂质土壤为主的地区采用地下渗滤系统处理污水时,稳定运行最佳干湿比为1∶1。     

混凝预处理及膜面流速控制对微滤膜污染的影响研究

为研究膜面流速和混凝预处理对微滤过程膜污染的综合影响,用旋流式膜混凝反应器进行了不同流量、入口管径、混凝剂投加量下的除浊试验。结果表明,直接微滤时,高膜面流速加剧了初期膜的孔堵污染,但抑制了滤饼层的累积,适于长期运行;在质量浓度为0~18 mg/L范围内增大聚合氯化铝（PAC）投加量可显著抑制膜过滤阻力的增长;以速度梯度（G）表征絮体状态,由于絮体尺寸和错流的综合作用,投加混凝剂后,G在20~70 s-1范围内,414.64 s-1时微滤膜污染较轻。     

分期布液生物滴滤床净化H2 S废气性能研究

采用分期布液式生物滴滤床净化H2S废气,以实验室驯化的复合微生物菌群挂膜于滴滤床,考察了挂膜启动及不同负荷运行对H2S的降解性能.结果表明,生物滴滤床在进气浓度110～230 mg.m-3,停留时间30 s的条件下,H2S去除率可达到99%,3 d内即完成挂膜.进气负荷对于滴滤床降解性能和微生物种群都有影响.低进气负荷时,净化效率90%,降解作用主要发生于反应器的前段,占85%以上.前段各种类微生物数量上均多于后段,尤其是硫化氢降解菌;进气负荷较高时,前段微生物数量没有明显变化;后段去除负荷增加明显,由0.04 g.h-1增长到0.67 g.h-1.微生物数量由4.5×107个.g-1增长到5.17×108个.g-1.采用扫描电镜观察填料表面,稳定运行时优势菌主要为短杆菌,高负荷状态下,填料表面被大量的代谢产物覆盖.对运行产物分析发现,大部分H2S被氧化为S,只有小部分彻底氧化分解为SO24-.