存在不确定灾害点的交通运输网络应急车辆调度研究

灾害的发生往往具有不确定性,容易造成意想不到的损失,对于未来灾害点的预防是很有必要的。由于各受灾点对应急资源的需求量不同,交通运输网络中的应急车辆调度能否及时对救灾也是至关重要的。对一般的应急车辆调度模型进行改进,结合实际中发生的灾害点及预测未来可能发生的灾害点,建立了以带权重响应时间成本最小和应急物资未满足量最少为目标函数的应急车辆调度模型,并提出了基于遗传算法的模型求解方法,最后通过实例计算分析验证了模型的有效性和实用性。该模型可以在灾害发生前后为应急车辆的调度提供参考。     

工业园区综合难降解废水深度处理实验研究

某工业园区综合废水处理厂设计规模5.0×104m3/d,原设计出水执行《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级B标准,需将出水标准提高到一级A排放标准.分别采用混凝沉淀法和高级氧化法深度处理二级生化出水.小试试验结果表明:二级生化出水CODcr在62~75 mg/L左右,PAC、Al2(SO4)3及PFS三种絮凝沉淀药剂处理出水CODcr去除效果均不明显,不能稳定达到一级A排放标准.芬顿催化氧化的pH=5,FeSO4+H2O2投加量为(200+100)mg/L;臭氧氧化的O3投加量33 mg/L,其出水CODcr均能达到一级A排放标准.     

混凝过滤用于城镇污水厂深度处理的实验研究

国家强制要求城镇污水厂将尾水的排放标准由一级B提高至一级A,且通过政策以及经济手段鼓励企业开展再生水的回用。混凝过滤工艺用于深度处理可以有效去除SS和总磷,使用聚合氯化铝、硫酸铝和氯化铁作为混凝剂对比实验。使用PAC作为混凝剂,深度处理后出水总磷可以达到0.1 mg/L,SS基本可以稳定在8mg/L以下。     

Effects of physical and chemical characteristics of surface sediments in the formation of shallow lake algae-induced black bloom

Surface sediments are closely related to lake black blooms. The dissolved oxygen （DO） distribution and its penetration depth in surface sediments as well as the migration and transformation of redox sensitive elements such as Fe and S at the sediment-water interface are important factors that could influence the formation of the black bloom. In this study, dredged and undredged sediment cores with different surface properties were used to simulate black blooms in the laboratory. The Micro Profiling System was employed to explore features of the DO and ∑H2S distribution at the sediment-water interface. Physical and chemical characteristics in sediments and pore waters were also analyzed. The results showed that sediment dredging effectively suppressed the black blooms. In the undredged treatment, DO penetration depth was only 50 μm. Fe^2＋ concentrations, ∑H2S concentrations, and ∑H2S production rates were remarkably higher in surface sediments and pore waters compared to control and dredged treatments. Furthermore, depletion of DO and accumulation of Fe^2＋ and ∑H2S in surface sediments and pore waters provided favorable redox environments and necessary material sources for the blooms. The study results proved that physical and chemical characteristics in surface sediments are important factors in the formation of the black bloom, and could provide scientific guidance for emergency treatment and long-term pre-control of black blooms.     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of quantum-dot-sensitized one-dimensionally-ordered ZnO nanorod photocatalyst

An efficient photocatalyst was fabricated by assembling quantum dots （QDs） onto one-dimensionally-ordered ZnO nanorods, and the photocatalytic properties for Methyl Orange degradation were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence. The results indicate that the catalyst with assembled QDs is more favorable for the degradation than the pristine ZnO nanorods. The QDs with core-shell structure lower the photocatalytic ability due to the higher carder transport barrier of the ZnS shell layer. Besides its degradation efficiency, the photocatalyst has several advantages given that the one-dimensionally-ordered ZnO nanorods have been grown directly on indium tin oxide substrates. The article provides a new method to design an effective and easily recyclable photocatalyst.     

小型餐饮点餐厨垃圾调查及资源化难点分析——以贵阳市为例

我国餐厨垃圾资源化体系建设中往往忽略小型餐饮点,但小型餐饮点数量多、客流量高,是餐厨垃圾重要产生源,因此有必要对小型餐饮点进行单独分析。2010年贵阳市被列为国家33个餐厨垃圾处理试点城市之一,文章选取贵阳市云岩区、南明区的小型餐饮点,从餐厨垃圾的处置现状和小型餐饮点经营者的社会意识两方面开展问卷调查。对调查结果进行汇总、分析,识别出贵阳市餐厨垃圾资源化体系建设的5个难点:(1)餐厨垃圾多流入养殖场,群众对此危害认识不足。(2)缺乏污染者付费意识,难以制定有偿回收价。(3)餐厨垃圾分类不合理,厨余垃圾未得到充分利用。(4)餐厨垃圾转运不规范,无完善的收运机构。(5)法律法规不完善,缺乏有效的管理系统。     

江西浮梁葫芦尖锡矿地质特征及外围找矿前景分析

本文介绍了葫芦尖锡矿区区域地质背景、锡矿体的地质特征,系统阐述了地层、构造和岩浆岩地质特征。通过重点分析该矿区及外围地区的找矿前景,发现葫芦尖矿区构造蚀变岩带是重要的找矿标志,认为莲花山(潘村)——鄣公山地区成矿地质条件优越,锡多金属矿找矿潜力巨大,进一步在该地区进行锡多金属矿找矿、勘查工作都将对找矿突破产生积极的促进和指导作用。     

微电解深度处理焦化废水实验分析

本文主要采用了静态单因素的实验方法,重点探讨了微电解深度处理焦化废水的实验效果和影响因素,通过静态单因素实验确定了处理焦化废水实验的最佳的反应时间、初始PH值、适宜的废铁屑和活性炭颗粒的投入量.笔者将在以后的学习工作中继续总结更多提高处理效率的方法,旨在与大家共同探讨切磋.     

微滤-反渗透法深度处理造纸废水运行参数研究

采用微滤-反渗透组合工艺深度处理造纸废水.通过单因素试验,考察操作压力、回收率、进水无机盐浓度、进水pH值和进水温度对废水中CODcr、NH3-N与氯离子去除效果和脱盐程度的影响并分析原因.试验结果表明：操作压力、回收率和进水pH影响较显著;最佳工艺参数是操作压力为0.62Mpa,回收率为70.8％,进水电导率为1100us/cm,进水pH值为8.0和进水温度27℃.在此工艺参数下,CODcr、NH3N与氯离子去除率和脱盐率到达74.25％、92.88％、94.50％和95.95％,符合造纸工业回用水要求.     

持久性有机污染物——21世纪中国面对的新型环境问题

核心阅读本文从POPs防控工作内容多,POPs污染现状不清和我国是世界上POPs的生产、使用和排放大国3方面,指出我国POPs消减与防控的长期性和艰巨性。并给出了加强标准制定、系统开展POPs重点污染区调查等建议,为我国POPs的管理提出了发展方向。