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141.
142.
泡沫塑料黄原酸酯的制备及其对含铜废水的处理研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用聚氨酯泡沫塑料制备得到了黄原酸酯.将其用于含铜废水的处理.实验结果表明泡沫黄原酸酯的用量、处理体系的pH、搅拌时间和沉降时间是影响铜离子去除效果的重要因素.经过聚氨酯泡沫黄原酸酯处理的含铜废水能够达到排放标准的要求. 相似文献
143.
2,4,6-三氯酚在环境中广泛分布,是典型的持久性有机污染物.脱卤呼吸菌能还原分解氯酚,使其毒性大大降低,继而被其他微生物氧化分解并矿化.然而脱卤呼吸菌在自然环境中丰度较低,代谢速率慢,对电子利用能力较差,因此传统的生物添加或生物激活等原位修复方法往往导致效能受限,可应用性差.本研究驯化富集了具有稳定厌氧还原脱氯2,4,6-三氯酚能力的混合菌群,在添加乙酸钠(5 mmol·L-1)和氢气(10 mL)的情况下,在6 d内将2,4,6-三氯酚还原脱卤为4-氯酚.研究采用聚氨酯泡沫作为生物载体材料,在聚氨酯泡沫表面负载电气石,发现在无氢气额外添加的情况下,2,4,6-三氯酚的还原脱氯速率提高了6倍,且脱卤性能稳定.对强化后混菌的群落结构及潜在核心脱氯功能菌属进行分析,16S rRNA测序鉴定结果表明假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)在混合菌群中的占比超过90%,为体系中的核心脱氯功能菌.本研究为地下水中还原脱卤菌群的应用提供了理论技术. 相似文献
144.
The ambient air in vicinity of different industrial sources for PCDD/PCDFs was sampled by TSP/PM10 active samplers and
passive PUF disk samplers in Tangshan City, a metropolis containing clusters of various industrial plants. The TEQ concentrations
of PCDD/PCDFs ranged from 44.2 to 394.1 fg I-TEQ/m3 with an average of 169.9 fg I-TEQ/m3. 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF was the dominant
contributor to PTEQ, contributing 41% (12% to 55%), while 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF, OCDD and OCDF were the major congeners for
the total concentrations. The ratios of PPCDF/PPCDD reached 2.54 on average, suggesting that de novo synthesis in thermal processes
played an important role to the airborne pollution of PCDD/PCDFs. The similarities congener profiles indicated that TSP and PM10
active sampling methods are comparable for the determination of the PCDD/PCDFs in ambient air, and the ratios of concentrations
determined by the two methods suggested that the PCDD/PCDFs tended to stay in fine particles. It was found that 2,3,7,8-TCDF and
OCDD were the dominating congeners in the passive PUF disks samples. Through principal components analysis, the coke industry
was suggested to be a relatively high potential emission source for PCDD/PCDFs in the ambient air of Tangshan, which was possibly
formed by de novo synthesis mechanism. In this study, the atmospheric impacts to the environment from di erent industrial sources
could be ranked as follows (from high to low): coking, iron sintering, steel making, power generation and chlorinate alkali chemical
production industries. 相似文献
145.
Chunping Yang Guanlong Yu Guangming Zeng Haining Yang Fayuan Chen Congying Jin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(8):1325-1333
Two identical bench-scale biotrickling filters (BTFs), BTF 1 and BTF 2, were evaluated for toluene removal at various gas empty bed
contact times (EBCTs) and organic loadings. BTF 1 and BTF 2 were packed with structured and cubic synthetic polyurethane sponges,
respectively. At a constant toluene loading of 16 g/(m3 hr), toluene removal efficiencies decreased from 98.8% to 64.3% for BTF 1
and from 98.4% to 74.1% for BTF 2 as gas EBCT decreased from 30 to 5 sec. When the toluene loading increased from 35 to 140
g/(m3 hr) at a gas EBCT of 30 sec, the removal efficiencies decreased from 99.1% to 77.4% for BTF 1 and from 99.0% to 81.5% for
BTF 2. The pressure drop for both BTFs increased with increased air flow rate, and did not significantly vary while the toluene loading
was increased under similar operation conditions. BTF 1 and BTF 2 could start up successfully within 19 and 27 days, respectively,
when packed with fresh sponge media, and the performances could be restored in 3–7 days after biomass was removed and wasted
from the media. BTF 2 displayed higher removal efficiency even under shorter EBCT or higher loading rate than BTF1 when other
operation conditions were similar, while it showed lower pressure drop than BTF 1 during the whole period of operation. These results
demonstrated that both BTFs could treat waste gas containing toluene effectively. 相似文献
146.
Nitrification performance of nitrifying bacteria immobilized in waterborne
polyurethane at low ammonia nitrogen concentrations 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Suspended and waterborne polyurethane immobilized nitrifying bacteria have been adopted for evaluating the e ects of environmental
changes, such as temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and pH, on nitrification characteristics under conditions
of low ammonia concentrations. The results showed that nitrification was prone to complete with increasing pH, DO and temperature.
Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the e ects of temperature and pH on nitrification feature of suspended bacteria were slightly greater
than those of immobilized nitrifying bacteria. Immobilized cells could achieve complete nitrification at low ammonia concentrations
when DO was su cient. Continuous experiments were carried out to discuss the removal of ammonia nitrogen from synthetic micropollute
source water with the ammonia concentration of about 1 mg/L using immobilized nitrifying bacteria pellets in an up-flow inner
circulation reactor under di erent hydraulic retention times (HRT). The continuous removal rate remains above 80% even under HRT
30 min. The results verified that the waterborne polyurethane immobilized nitrifying bacteria pellets had great potential applications
for micro-pollution source water treatment. 相似文献
147.
欧阳曦 《资源节约和综合利用》2011,(5):50-51
聚氨酯?“聚氨酯简称TPU,它广泛应用于汽车制造、冰箱制造、交通运输、土木建筑、鞋类、合成革、织物、机电、石油化工、矿山机械、航空、医疗、农业等许多领域。”赵主任指了指记者的鞋子说,你们现在穿的鞋子的鞋底就是聚氨酯的一种。这样的回答,顿时让化工科学来到了我们身边,记者的兴趣顿时被赵主任一席话给激发了出来。 相似文献
148.
文章以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚氧化丙烯二醇(PPG)为基本原料,二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为亲水化改性单体、三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为扩链剂通过预聚体法制备了淀粉改性水性聚氨酯环保型固沙剂,研究了淀粉用量对固沙剂乳液及其所成胶膜性能的影响。研究结果表明:在扩链聚合时加入可溶性淀粉,可以得到稳定的聚氨酯乳液;随着可溶性淀粉用量的增加,乳液的粘度增加,粒径呈增大趋势,胶膜拉伸强度减小;动态热力学分析显示胶膜储能模量E’随着淀粉含量的增加而减小,而玻璃化转变温度升高;保水实验显示保水效果随淀粉含量的增加而提高。当可溶性淀粉与纯聚氨酯的质量比为10%时,胶膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别为16.7 MPa和662%,而应用此配比固沙液的沙土在测试条件下10 h的失水率仅为55.7%,达到固沙剂保水性和胶膜力学性能之间较好的平衡。 相似文献
149.
对聚氨酯涂层固体颗粒弹性冲击、塑性冲击及弹塑性冲击的冲蚀过程进行了综述和分析,分别从内部因素和外部因素讨论了影响聚氨酯涂层固体颗粒冲蚀性能的因素,并对现有的固体颗粒冲蚀设备、试验方法及标准进行了归纳总结,最后指出了聚氨酯涂层固体颗粒冲蚀研究中的问题并展望了未来发展方向。 相似文献
150.
废旧聚氨酯硬泡热解特性 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用热重分析仪对废旧聚氨酯硬泡在氮气中的热失重行为进行了研究,并对升温速率、热解终温对热解的影响进行了分析. 结果表明:在氮气气氛条件下,废旧聚氨酯硬泡热解主要发生在200~492 ℃;随着升温速率的提高,废旧聚氨酯硬泡热失重时挥发分初析温度向高温方向偏移,失重速率峰值(DTGmax)显著增大.利用热重-红外(TG-FTIR)联用方法对氮气气氛中10 ℃/min升温速率下的样品热解气体产物进行了检测. 结果表明:废旧聚氨酯硬泡热解产物有H2O,CO2,CO,CFC-11,以及含氯化合物、烯烃类、烷烃类和带有苯环等官能团的化合物,且主要气体产物有相似的析出规律. 相似文献