新生产空调客车内挥发性有机物浓度水平和来源分析

选取某厂家新生产的、下线时间不超过28d的53座新空调客车,在车辆处于静止状态下采用二次热解析-毛细管气相色谱/质谱联用法测量新空调车内挥发性有机物的分布特征和浓度水平.根据NIST02标准谱图进行匹配检索,结合色谱保留时间定性,共定性检出33种挥发性有机物,包括烷烃(15种、45.4%)、芳香类化合物(9种、27.3%)、醇(4种、12.1%),酮(3种、9.1%)、酯(2种、6.1%),且大多集中在C6～C10的范围内.新车内浓度最高的前5种挥发性有机物分别为癸烷(8.01 mg/m3)、3-甲基己烷(7.10mg/m3)、庚烷(5.10mg/m3)、异庚烷(4.20 ms/m3)和1-甲基,3-乙基苯(3,56 mg/3),总挥发性有机物TV012,52.5mR/m3.烷烃主要来源于空调车内部保温材料如聚氨酯(PU)发泡海绵或者聚乙烯(PE)发泡材料的释放,而车内检出的芳香族化合物主要来自汽车内饰用胶粘剂、密封胶等的释放.     

城市生活垃圾热解和燃烧特性试验研究

用TG-DTG-DTA（热重-微分热重-差热）热分析联用技术研究了5种城市生活垃圾试样的热解和燃烧特性。考察水分和挥发分释放温度、着火温度、燃烧速率最大时温度、初始燃尽温度、最大燃烧速率和燃烧放热量等热解和燃烧特性参数;计算了热解过程和燃烧过程的动力学参数。结果表明,5种试样在热解和燃烧模式上存在差别,前段热解过程对后续燃烧过程影响明显,5种试样在热解和燃烧阶段都可用一级反应的动力学方程描述。     

几种医疗垃圾处理技术综述

医疗废物是一类危害极大的特殊废物。自20世纪50年代起,医疗废物的处理已引起世界各国的广泛重视。目前,国内外学者对医疗废物处理技术的研究日益丰富,已经取得了一定的研究成果。在此基础上,通过综合比较焚烧处理、高压蒸汽灭菌处理、化学处理、微波处理、热解处理等几种医疗废物处理技术,综合评定了各种处理工艺的技术参数及优缺点,最后比较分析得出了高温热解法具有多方面的优点,是目前国内外首推的医疗废物处理技术。     

热分析-质谱联用分析生物垃圾热解机理

采用热分析-质谱联用技术研究了城市生活垃圾中三种生物质成分的热解过程,并采用Freeman-Carroll法定量分析了三种生物质热重动力学参数。结果表明木屑、落叶和菜叶这类生物质热解过程分为三个阶段,先是水分析出的微小失重阶段,之后是因纤维素等大分子进行交联缩聚的快速热解阶段,表现为放热效应,逸出的气体主要有H2O、CO2、C2H6/C2H4和CH4,最后是吸热脱链解聚的缓慢热解过程,逸出的小分子气体主要有CO2。     

基于灰色关联分析法的电缆火灾危险性分析

在分析电缆火灾危险性的基础上,依据电缆燃烧特性试验得到的热释放速率峰值、总热释放量、烟气生成速率峰值、总烟气生成量、火焰传播距离和火增长指数6个参数建立了基于试验的电缆火灾危险性的评价指标体系;运用灰色关联分析法选取每个参数指标的最大值构成参考序列,试验样品P1、P6、P7、T1、T2、D1和D27种电缆的参数数据组成比较序列,得到了表征电缆火灾危险性的关联度;通过关联度大小的比较,进而得出试验所选7种电缆的危险性由大到小的顺序依次为D1P1T1P6D2T2P7;结果表明运用灰色关联分析法评价电缆的火灾危险性是一种科学、有效的方法。     

火源对标准房间轰燃影响的数值模拟

轰燃是火灾由局部向全面转变的一类特殊火灾现象,危害极大,很多因素会影响轰燃,其中火源对轰燃的发生有重要影响。本文利用场模拟软件FDS5进行了火源释热率及其燃烧时间对标准房间轰燃的影响研究,结果表明:火源释热率必须超过某个临界值才能发生轰燃;发生轰燃的时间和临界火源供热时间与火源释热率间均符合乘幂函数关系;火源只需在轰燃前供热一段时间就足以引发轰燃。     

充分利用余热实现热联合研究

大港石化分公司通过工艺质量改进,实现了催化装置与气体分馏装置的热联合,使以前排放掉的大量余热得到充分利用,每年可产生客观的经济效益。     

电子厂厂务节能项目的实施

节能项目的实施给企业带来了实在的好处,同时也降低了能源,本文从多方面进行论述,另外,通过能源追踪管理,让我们更加认识到管理的重要性,管理手段促节能潜力巨大。     

Using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model animal for assessing the toxicity induced by microcystin-LR

Among more than 75 variants of microcystin(MC),microcystin-LR(MC-LR) is one of the most common toxins.In this study,the feasibility of using Caenorhabditis elegans to evaluate MC-LR toxicity was studied.C.elegans was treated with MC-LR at different concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 80 μg/L.The results showed that MC-LR could reduce lifespan,delay development,lengthen generation time,decrease brood size,suppress locomotion behavior,and decreases hsp-16-2-gfp expression.The endpoints of generation time,brood...     

Characterization of organic matter in total suspended particles by thermodesorption and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

The organic matter in tropospheric aerosol plays an important role in atmospheric physical and chemical processes. The bulk of organic matter, representing a significant proportion of the total suspended particulate (TSP) mass, is bound to polymeric material whose structure and properties are largely unknown. Here we used thermodesorption gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Td- GC/MS) to study organic compounds of low molecular mass and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) to characterize the chemical structure of macromolecules in TSP samples collected in di erent seasons from di erent sites in Guangzhou. n-Alkanes, fatty acids and nitriles were the predominant compounds in the thermodesorption products, whereas aromatics, fatty acids, nitriles and n-alkanes/alkenes were the major compounds in the pyrolysates. The results indicated that aromatics were main units in macromolecules. The fatty acids and nitriles formed from carboxylic ammonium salts were detected in both thermodesorption products and pyrolysates at a certain concentration, indicating the importance of these compounds in TSP formation. The TSP source mainly determined the occurrence of compounds in samples from urban, suburban and forest sites, whereas the TSP source and formation process maybe controlled the seasonal variation in compounds detected. High levels of nitriles in summer samples from suburban and forest sites coincide with the release of ammonium from the land and of fatty acids from vegetation at these sites.