海洋费氏弧菌培养条件的研究

以本室保存的一株海洋费氏弧菌作为实验对象,采用单因素试验方法研究培养基起始pH值、盐浓度和摇瓶装液量等因素对菌株生长的影响,利用分光光度法测定其生长曲线,采用均匀设计方法,对该菌的培养基组分进行优化研究,确定其适合的生长条件,结果表明:当培养温度为30℃,通气量为180r/min时,该菌株在20h左右达到生长稳定期,对甘油的利用率要优于葡萄糖,盐浓度在5%以下时生长良好,最适装液量为60mL/250mL,培养液初始pH值为8.0。确定100mL培养基配方为:蛋白胨2g,酵母粉1.0g,氯化铵1.2g,氯化钠0.2g,磷酸二氢钾1.0g,此条件下可以得到最大的生物量。     

垃圾降解过程中脲酶测定条件优化

在土壤脲酶测定方法的基础上,以垃圾填埋场中的填埋垃圾为研究对象,通过单因素试验和正交试验对垃圾降解过程中脲酶活性测定方法进行优化。结果表明,垃圾降解过程中脲酶活性测定最优条件为:垃圾样品风干温度30℃,甲苯0.5mL,10%尿素1mL,0.1mol/LpH5.5柠檬酸钠缓冲液3mL,培养温度及培养时间分别为30℃和24h。优化后的的测定条件RSD小于0.82%,且测定值较传统方法提高30.48%～147.28%,表明该方法精密度高,可行性强。     

“超量负载”昭示了什么?

2012年的中秋国庆长假,旅行和游览过度拥挤的现象给人们留下了特殊的印象。以前的黄金周也曾发生过过度拥挤的情况,但今年似乎达到了极致:高速公路变"高堵"公路,车站机场排起长龙,旅游景点水泄不通,名胜古迹几乎"踩沉",消费垃圾堆积如山,其情其景触目     

棕榈叶片光合放氧测定条件探讨

探索氧电极测定棕榈光合放氧的实验条件，结果表明，叶碎片不需真空渗入的前处理。叶碎片面积为１￣２ｍｍ＾２；反应液ｐＨ值为７．２，底物ＮａＨＣＯ３浓度为３０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ时为最佳测定条件，按此条件，对叶片不同部位光合速率进行了测定。     

水文条件变化对重金属运移过程影响研究

针对西、北江河网区复杂的水环境系统,建立了河网区一维水动力学模型和重金属模型,选取相应实测资料对模型进行参数率定和验证。通过设定上游来水条件与下游潮汐作用并代入数学模型进行模拟计算的方式,研究了在不同水文条件下河网区重金属的运移过程。研究结论为,不同潮汐作用导致西江和北江的水流相互流通方式发生变化,并进而影响污染物的传播途径;遭遇大潮时河网区各断面同期的镉浓度值要大大高于遭遇中潮和小潮时;上游来水量增加会增大（遭遇大潮时）或缩小（遭遇中潮或小潮时）西江和北江在思贤滘处的水位差,进而会加剧对西江（遭遇大潮时）或北江（遭遇中潮或小潮时）的水污染。     

一株源自海洋环境多环芳烃降解菌的筛选、鉴定及适宜降解条件研究

利用以菲为唯一碳源的选择性富集培养基,从天津港6号码头潮间带表层沉积物中分离到1株多环芳烃降解细菌,命名为DHD,经16SrDNA序列比对结果显示,该菌株属门多萨假单胞菌(Pseudomonas mendocina)。DHD能以多种多环芳烃化合物包括萘、菲、蒽、芘为唯一碳源和能源生长。以菲为代表,通过摇瓶培养实验考察了该菌株降解多环芳烃的适宜培养条件为:酵母浸粉为氮源,初始pH 9.0,培养温度30℃,摇床转速为200 r/min。     

Degradation of chlorpyrifos in laboratory soil and its impact on soil microbial functional diversity

Degradation of chlorpyrifos at different concentrations in soil and its impact on soil microbial functional diversity were investigated under laboratory conditions. The degradation half-lives of chlorpyrifos at levels of 4, 8, and 12 mg/kg in soil were calculated to be 14.3, 16.7, and 18.0 d, respectively. The Biolog study showed that average well color development (AWCD) in soils was significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited by chlorpyrifos within the first two weeks and thereafter recovered to the similar level as the control. A similar variation in the diversity indices (Simpson index 1/D and McIntosh index U) in chlorpyrifos-treated soils was observed, no significant difference in the Shannon-Wiener index H' was found in these soils. With increasing chlorpyrifos concentration, the half-lives of chlorpyrifos were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) extended and its inhibitory effects on soil microorganisms were aggravated. It is concluded that chlorpyrifos residues in soil had a temporary or short-term inhibitory effect on soil microbial functional diversity.     

基于不同利益相关方认知的水源地生态补偿探讨——以上海市水源地和用水区居民问卷调查为例

采用实地问卷调查和条件价值法评估上海市饮用水源保护的利益相关方认知,探讨黄浦江上游水源地生态补偿机制。研究结果表明,当前水源保护相关政策认知比例普遍较低,水源地部分居民福利受到一定影响,对政府补偿政策的期望较为一致,用水区多数居民愿意分担部分水源保护的责任和义务;水源地WTA和用水区WTP分别为1526元/(月•户)和306元/(月•户),相应未来5年的总受偿意愿和总支付意愿为759.48×10⁸元和465.08×10⁸元;生态补偿方案的合理设计以及不同利益相关方的良好沟通是解决水源地环境冲突的关键。     

落实科学发展观 加速绿色景区创建

旅游业是社会经济的重要组成部分,但其发展过程中出现了严重的资源破坏、环境污染问题,甚至影响到它进一步发展。绿色景区创建是改变旅游业粗放经营现状、解决旅游环境问题、构建和谐社会的需要。本文阐述了绿色景区的基本内涵与创建意义,指出绿色景区创建的基本任务、方法程序和核心内容以及绿色景区创建的支撑条件与技术保障措施,为绿色景区创建提供基本思路,对旅游业持续发展具有积极意义。     

Microbiological parameters and maturity degree during composting of Posidonia oceanica residues mixed with vegetable wastes in semi-arid pedo-climatic condition

The aim of this study was to characterize the biological stability and maturity degree of compost during a controlled pile-composting trial of mixed vegetable residues (VR) collected from markets of Tunis City with residues of Posidonia oceanica (PoR), collected from Tunis beaches. The accumulation in beaches (as well as their removal) constitutes a serious environmental problem in all Mediterranean countries particularly in Tunisia. Aerobic-thermophilic composting is the most reasonable way to profit highly-valuable content of organic matter in these wastes for agricultural purposes. The physical, chemical, and biological parameters were monitored during composting over 150 d. The most appropriate parameters were selected to establish the maturity degree. The main result of this research was the deduction of the following maturity criterion: (a) C/N ratio < 15; (b) NH₄⁺-N < 400 mg/kg; (c) CO₂-C < 2000 mg CO₂-C/kg; (d) dehydrogenase activity < 1 mg TPF/g dry matter; (e) germination index (GI) > 80%. These five parameters, considered jointly are indicative of a high maturity degree and thus of a high-quality organic amendment which employed in a rational way, may improve soil fertility and soil quality. The mature compost was relatively rich in N (13.0 g/kg), P (4.74 g/kg) and MgO (15.80 g/kg). Thus composting definitively constitutes the most optimal option to exploit these wastes.