煤矿甲烷涌出量估算方法及分类涌出系数研究

介绍了煤矿甲烷宏观涌出量的估算方法,选择使用原煤产量法,以煤矿甲烷的相对涌出量为基础,建立了"产量-涌出量函数模型",得到三种不同类型矿井煤矿甲烷的分类涌出系数。     

杭州市垃圾填埋甲烷排放估算及控制途径研究

研究和估算固体废弃物填埋处理甲烷的排放,对准确评估未来气候变化以及应对气候变化所带来的影响具有重要的意义。文章在分析了填埋场甲烷产生影响因素的基础上,对2005-2010年杭州市填埋场甲烷排放情况进行了估算,针对性地提出了杭州市填埋场甲烷排放控制的对策建议,为杭州市碳减排工作提供参考意见。     

远程无源光纤传感技术在油库甲烷气体监测中的应用

目前,石油化工行业中可燃气体检测装置多采用催化燃烧式或电化学式传感器,这类传感器最大的缺点就是自身带电,在易燃易爆等特殊环境中应用时存在安全隐患,而且这类传感器寿命短、精度低、稳定性差、调校困难,经常存在误测误报现象.本文探讨的甲烷多通道远程无源光纤传感技术具有很高的测量灵敏度及快速的响应能力;对温度、湿度、电磁等干扰的抵抗力强;无源本质安全的气体传感探头,以及易于形成网络等优点.在油库气体监测中取得了良好的应用效果.     

浅谈厌氧生物处理工艺在污水处理工程实践中的应用

对厌氧生物处理工艺的进展进行较全面的叙述,分析厌氧生物处理技术可行性及影响因素,重点剖析厌氧设备的启动中厌氧污泥的培养和驯化、厌氧反应器运行中的欠平衡现象及原因分析.提出了污水处理厂应建立健全的日常安全管理制度和完善的突发事件应急机制.     

国际资讯

加拿大发起"全国毛衣日"提倡节能减排2012年2月9日是世界自然基金会加拿大总部发起的"全国毛衣日",旨在呼吁人们珍惜能源,减少排放,对抗气候变化。当天,加拿大众多企业和个人响应号召,调低室内暖气温度,穿上毛衣御寒,以表示对"全国毛衣日"的支持。为了鼓励更多的人加入"全国毛衣日"行动,世界自然基金会加拿大总部招募了一群老奶奶,为"全国毛衣日"作     

生活垃圾填埋场甲烷自然减排的新途径:厌氧与好氧的共氧化作用

采用暴雨过后垃圾填埋表层30～60 cm的覆土、表层1.5 m以下的垃圾,以及刚刚开挖出来的9年矿化垃圾进行硫酸盐还原菌阳性反应试验,结果表明生活垃圾填埋体不同填埋层都存在不同数量级的硫酸盐还原菌,且底层矿化垃圾中的硫酸盐还原菌的数量最多,表层覆土中最少.颗粒大小比例为50%:50%的垃圾样品表现出最佳的甲烷好氧与厌氧...     

Methanotrophic community structure of aged refuse and its capability for methane bio-oxidation

Aged refuse from waste landfills closed for eight years was examined and found to contain rich methanotrophs capable of biooxidation for methane. Specially, community structure and methane oxidation capability of methanotrophs in the aged refuse were studied. The amount of methanotrophs ranged 61.97 103–632.91 103 cells/g (in dry basis) in aged refuse from Shanghai Laogang Landfill. Type I and II methanotrophs were found in the aged refuse in the presence of sterilized sewage sludge and only Type I methanotrophs were detected in the presence of nitrate minimal salt medium (NMS). The clone sequences of the pmoA gene obtained from the aged refuse were similar to the pmoA gene of Methylobacter, Methylocaldum, and Methylocystis, and two clones were distinct with known genera of Type I methanotrophs according to phylogenetic analysis. Aged refuse enriched with NMS was used for methane biological oxidation and over 93% conversions were obtained.     

Preliminary report on methane emissions from the Three Gorges Reservoir in the summer drainage period

Considerable variations may exist in CH4 emissions from the Three Gorges Reservoir.     

丙烯气体最小点火能研究

为研究丙烯气体最小点火能随温度的变化规律,首先采用最小点火能测试系对甲烷气体进行了测试和评估,得到了不同温度下的最小点火能及其随温度的变化趋势。结果表明,可燃气体(或液体蒸气)敏感浓度均略高于其当量浓度。气体最小点火能随温度升高而增大。     

Effect of a high strength chemical industry wastewater on microbial community dynamics and mesophilic methane generation

A high strength chemical industry wastewater was assessed for its impact on anaerobic microbial com- munity dynamics and consequently mesophilic methane generation. Cumulative methane production was 251 mL/g total chemical oxygen demand removed at standard temperature and pressure at the end of 30 days experimental period with a highest recorded methane percentage of 80.6% of total biogas volume. Volatile fatty acids （VFAs） analysis revealed that acetic acid was the major intermediate VFAs produced with propionic acid accumulating over the experimental period. Quantitative analysis of microbial communities in the test and control groups with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction highlighted that in the test group, Eubacteria （96.3%） was dominant in comparison with methanogens （3.7%）. The latter were dominated by Methanomicrobiales and Methanobacteriales while in test groups increased over the experimental period, reaching a maximum on day 30. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profile was performed, targeting the 16S rRNA gene of Eubacteria and Archaea, with the DNA samples extracted at 3 different time points from the test groups. A phylogenetic tree was constructed for the sequences using the neighborhood joining method. The analysis revealed that the presence of organisms resembling Syntrophomonadaceae could have contributed to increased production of acetic and propionic acid intermediates while decrease of organisms resembling Pelotomaculum sp. could have most likely contributed to accumulation of propionic acid. This study suggested that the degradation of organic components within the high strength industrial wastewater is closely linked with the activity of certain niche microbial communities within eubacteria and methanogens.