Effect of ozone on the performance of a hybrid ceramic membrane-biological activated carbon process

Two hybrid processes including ozonation-ceramic membrane-biological activated carbon （BAC） （Process A） and ceramic membrane-BAC （Process B） were compared to treat polluted raw water. The performance of hybrid processes was evaluated with the removal efficiencies of turbidity, ammonia and organic matter. The results indicated that more than 99% of particle count was removed by both hybrid processes and ozonation had no significant effect on its removal. BAC filtration greatly improved the removal of ammonia. Increasing the dissolved oxygen to 30.0 mg/L could lead to a removal of ammonia with concentrations as high as 7.80 mg/L and 8.69 mg/L for Processes A and B, respectively. The average removal efficiencies of total organic carbon and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm （UV254, a parameter indicating organic matter with aromatic structure） were 49% and 52% for Process A, 51% and 48% for Process B, respectively. Some organic matter was oxidized by ozone and this resulted in reduced membrane fouling and increased membrane flux by 25%-30%. However, pre-ozonation altered the components of the raw water and affected the microorganisms in the BAC, which may impact the removals of organic matter and nitrite negatively.     

Evaluation of Bacillus sp. MZS10 for decolorizing Azure B dye and its decolorization mechanism

To evaluate decolorization and detoxification of Azure B dye by a newly isolated Bacillus sp. MZS10 strain, the cultivation medium and decolorization mechanism of the isolate were investigated. The decolorization was discovered to be dependent on cell density of the isolate and reached 93.55%(0.04 g/L) after 14 hr of cultivation in a 5 L stirred-tank fermenter at 2.0 g/L yeast extract and 6.0 g/L soluble starch and a small amount of mineral salts. The decolorization metabolites were identified with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy(UPLC-MS). A mechanism for decolorization of Azure B was proposed as follows: the C=N in Azure B was initially reduced to –NH by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)-dependent quinone dehydrogenase, and then the –NH further combined with –OH derived from glucose to form a stable and colorless compound through a dehydration reaction. The phytotoxicity was evaluated for both Azure B and its related derivatives produced by Bacillus sp. MZS10 decolorization, indicating that the decolorization metabolites were less toxic than original dye. The decolorization efficiency and mechanism shown by Bacillus sp. MZS10 provided insight on its potential application for the bioremediation of the dye Azure B.     

硫氧同位素示踪南京北郊大气PM2.5中硫酸盐来源

采用EA-IRMS联用技术对2014年1月南京北郊大气细粒子(PM2.5)中硫酸盐的硫和氧同位素组成进行了分析,结合大气颗粒物化学组成,追溯南京北郊大气PM2.5中硫酸盐的来源,并评估了各污染源的贡献率.结果表明,2014年1月南京北郊硫酸盐气溶胶的硫同位素组成(δ34S)范围为2.7‰~6.4‰,平均值为5.0‰±0.9‰(n=16);氧同位素组成(δ18O)值范围为10.6‰~16.1‰,平均值为12.5‰±1.37‰(n=16).通过气溶胶与可能污染源的δ34S值对比和后向轨迹分析,得出结论:研究区域大气中硫同位素组成主要受当地燃煤中硫的影响,其次是远距离传输硫.此外,有低δ34S值硫源存在,但贡献比较小,可能来自生物成因硫.绝对主因子分析结果显示:人为成因硫和远距离传输硫贡献率分别为46.74%和31.54%.     

F&EI评价法在汽车加油站安全评价中的应用

运用"道化学公司火灾、爆炸危险指数评价方法"对加油站的埋地汽油储罐和埋地柴油储罐进行安全评价,并提出相关的注意事项.     

新农药硫肟醚在土壤中降解的影响因子研究

在实验室条件下对新农药硫肟醚(O(3苯氧苄基)2甲硫基1(4氯苯基)丙基酮肟醚)在土壤中降解的影响因子进行了研究.结果表明,在20 d的培养时间内,随着土壤含水量的增加,硫肟醚的降解速率加快.当土壤含水量增加到80%(质量分数)时,其降解率达到最大(46.73%),然后随土壤含水量增加反而下降.随着土壤温度的升高,硫肟醚在土壤中的降解速率增加.30 ℃时降解速率达到最大(47.83%),以后温度继续升高,其降解速率呈现出下降趋势.在5～100 mg/kg的质量比范围内硫肟醚在土壤中的降解速率随其质量比的增加而提高;但当质量比继续增加时,硫肟醚的降解速率表现出下降趋势.硫肟醚在土壤中的降解遵循一级动力学方程,其在非灭菌与灭菌土壤中的降解速率常数k分别为8.106×10-3和1.63×10-3;半衰期分别为85.5 d和425.2 d.微生物对硫肟醚在土壤中的降解具有显著的影响.     

高硫酸盐难降解废水高温厌氧处理中限量曝气的应用及影响

由于硫酸盐还原的影响,普通高温UASB反应器处理亚硫酸盐纸浆厂排出的高硫酸盐难降解废水过程中甲烷菌活性受到了严重抑制.考虑到空气对硫化氢的吹脱和对硫化物的氧化作用可能减轻硫化物对甲烷菌的抑制,本研究在厌氧反应器中引入限量曝气措施.试验结果表明,反应器的运行稳定性和处理能力均得到大幅提高.在有机负荷提高到原来2倍的情况下,曝气后COD去除率仍有提高,从40%～50%提高到60%～70%.试验证明部分甲烷菌可以耐氧,而某些种类的水解酸化细菌则对不完全厌氧环境比较敏感.     

赴兰州炼油厂、克拉玛依炼油厂进行高硫高酸原油加工管理情况的考察

2004年10月16-24日,齐鲁石化公司炼油厂组织了考察组,赴兰州炼油厂、克拉玛依炼油厂进行了高硫高酸原油腐蚀防护及管理控制情况的考察.考察期间,分别与两厂的技术、机动、安全环保、防腐研究所、生产车间等各部门进行了技术交流,并参观了装置现场.两厂整洁有序的现场管理面貌和以员工为本的管理风格给我们留下深刻的印象.     

气态硫闪爆事故原因分析及对策

对处理硫磺回收装置高温掺合阀故障时发生的硫闪爆事故进行了分析,提出了相应的对策.     

硫磺回收装置腐蚀原因及防护措施

针对国内硫磺回收装置实际生产中存在的设备腐蚀问题,根据不同的腐蚀机理进行了腐蚀分类,分析了腐蚀原因并提出了具体的防护措施.     

骆马湖泥-水界面磷铁硫原位同步变化特征

利用薄膜梯度扩散（DGT）原位采样装置获取了骆马湖全湖8个典型湖区泥-水界面（SWI）活性磷（P）、铁（Fe）、硫（S）垂向分布信息，据此定量估算三者交换通量.结果表明，骆马湖沉积物剖面P、Fe、S浓度范围分别为0~2.05，0~11.10和0.01~0.63mg/L，并在微小尺度呈高度空间异质性.在水平方向上活性P、Fe主要表现为西北湖区高于东南湖区，而活性S则未表现出明显的分布规律；就垂直剖面而言，活性P、Fe、S自界面向下呈升高趋势，并在60mm深度内出现峰值，且活性P和Fe剖面呈明显的同步变化特征；活性P、Fe在多数点位具有显著的正相关性（r>0.65，P<0.01），且各采样点沉积物中的总铁与总磷比值[w（∑Fe）/w（∑P）]均高于15，这表明Fe的地球化学循环过程对于骆马湖内源磷释放起重要控制作用；8个采样点样品中活性P、Fe、S交换通量分别为0.066~0.698，1.671~5.592和0.007~0.071mg/（m²·d），表明P、Fe、S由沉积物向水体释放.西北湖区表现出较高的P通量和活性P浓度，这可能会增加南水北调过程中水质污染的风险，应予以重视.以上结果支持了P、Fe耦合释放机制，明确了骆马湖SWI的活性P、Fe、S迁移特征.