海盐粒子含量测定方法对比研究

为了探讨海盐粒子含量采用不同测定方法的变化趋势和规律,采用纱布法和湿烛法这2种采集分析方法,测定了海南三亚、万宁、厦门和青岛4类大气环境中海盐粒子含量。通过对测定数据的讨论与研究,分析了在不同海域、不同环境气候条件下海盐粒子含量变化趋势和变化规律,探讨了2种采集分析方法之间的相关关系。     

Seasonal features of aerosol particles recorded in snow from Mt. Qomolangma （Everest） and their environmental implications

To assess the seasonality of aerosol deposition and anthropogenic effects on central Himalayas, a 1.85-m deep snow pit was dug on the northern slope of Mr. Qomolangma (Everest). Based on the morphology and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) signal, totally 1500 particles were classed into 7 groups: soot; aluminosilicates; fly ash; calcium sulfates; Ca/Mg carbonates; metal oxides; and biological particles and carbon fragments. The size distribution and number fractions of different particle groups exhibited distinct seasonal variations between non-monsoon and monsoon periods, which are clearly related to the differences in air mass pathways. Specifically, the relative abundance of soot in non-monsoon period (25%) was much higher than that in monsoon period (14%), indicating Mr. Qomolangma region received more anthropogenic influence in non-monsoon than monsoon period.     

夏季玉龙雪山地区不同水体常规阴离子特征及其来源分析

依据Dionex-3000型离子色谱仪和Dionex-600型离子色谱仪测定的云南省丽江市玉龙雪山地区2005年7月22日～7月28日不同水体的阴离子数据及同期降水中的无机离子数据,运用系统聚类、海盐示踪、后推气流模型分析等方法,分析了人类活动、岩石岩性、大气干湿沉降对我国云南省丽江市玉龙雪山地区不同水体阴离子构成和浓...     

三维电极电催化氧化处理邻氯苯胺废水的研究

文章用粉末状活性炭作为三维电极电化学反应器的粒子电极,选择石墨板和不锈钢板分别作为阳极和阴极,组成三维电极电化学反应器。文章研究了三维电极电化学反应器对邻氯苯胺废水的电催化氧化效果,探讨了槽电压、溶液初始pH、电解时间、支持电解质浓度、电极极板间距等影响因素对邻氯苯胺废水COD的去除效果。实验结果表明:当槽电压为15.0 V,溶液初始pH为3.0,支持电解质浓度为0.10 mol/L,极板间距为2 cm,电解时间为30 min时,邻氯苯胺废水的COD去除率达到97.50%。通过紫外-可见光光谱扫描发现,由于三维电极电催化氧化作用,邻氯苯胺的苯环断裂,生成一些脂肪族物质。谱图在250~350 nm波长范围内并无其他吸收峰出现,说明溶液在降解过程中并没有生成其他大分子物质。从而证实了三维电极电化学反应器对邻氯苯胺有很好的降解效果。     

分散的处理系统研究进展综述

Rico等人2009年展示了1种创造一次性传感器的简单方法,这种传感器以碳电极条为基础,由微量锌、镉和铅量子化的铋纳米粒子修饰.这种传感器的检测范围为0.9~4.9ng/mL,并具有良好的精度和线性反应.对于分布式处理系统控制而言,相对增益矩阵(RGA)分析算法是1种有潜力的方法,该方法应用于模拟污水控制器来确定设备     

Stabilization of Fe0 nanoparticles with silica fume for enhanced transport and remediation of hexavalent chromium in water and soil

Effective in situ remediation of Cr(VI) in groundwater requires the successful delivery of reactive iron particles to the subsurface. Fe0 nanoparticles (20–110 nm diameter) supported on silica fume were synthesized by borohydride reduction of an aqueous iron salt in the presence of a support material. The experimental result showed that attachment of Fe0 nanoparticles on the commercial available sub-micrometer silica fume prevented them from aggregation while maintaining the particle reactivity. When the Fe0 concentration was 0.4 g/L, 88.00% of 40 mg/L Cr(VI) was removed by silica fume-supported Fe0 nanoparticles (SF-Fe0) in 120 min, 22.55% higher than unsupported Fe0. Furthermore, transport experiments confirmed that almost all unsupported Fe0 was retained, whereas 51.50% and 38.29% of SF-Fe0 were eluted from the vertical and horizontal sand column, respectively. Additionally, the effect of solution ionic strength on the transport ability of SF-Fe0 was evaluated. The result showed that increase in the salt concentration led to a decrease in the mobility and also the divalent ion Ca2+ had a greater effect than that of monovalent ion Na+.     

Complete catalytic oxidation of o-xylene over CeO2 nanocubes

The activities of CeO2 nanocubes calcined at di erent temperatures were tested for catalytic oxidation of o-xylene. Using CeO2 nanocubes as catalysts, complete catalytic oxidation of o-xylene was achieved below 210°C. The CeO2 nanomaterials were characterized by means of BET, X-ray di raction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). From the TEM images, all CeO2 nanocubes displayed cubic morphology irrespective of calcination temperature. The HRTEM images revealed that these nanocubes were enclosed by reactive f001g planes, which may contribute to the intrinsically catalytic property of o-xylene oxidation. The higher activity of CeO2 nanocubes calcined at 550°C than those calcined at above 550°C was attributed to their smaller crystallite size and larger surface area. The influences of reaction conditions were also studied, which found that a higher reaction temperature was necessary for complete catalytic oxidation of o-xylene at higher weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) and o-xylene concentration.     

油粒子体积对扩散的影响及油膜粒子化改进

在应用油粒子法模拟溢油运动时,特征油粒子在体积和油膜粒子化方法上可以有多种选择,文章就不同特征体积的油粒子对溢油面积的影响进行了分析和比较,结果显示,溢油量相同时,特征油粒子的体积每减小一倍,溢油扩散面积增加14%-25%,减小10倍时,达到31%-43%.针对溢油扩散面积计算不足的情况,已有学者提出用"两阶段"法进行...     

土地处理系统流态优化研究

污水土地处理系统的水力特性直接影响其污染物处理效果,这种影响主要由停留时间不同造成。现阶段,在示踪试验的基础上,从填料层高度、流向、进水方式、出水方式四个因素人手,运用正交法进行土地处理系统工艺优化,最终达到提高系统处理效率的目的,为系统的设计和深入研究提供理论支持和技术参数。研究发现流向和填料层高度是土地处理系统水力...