金龙集团 打造知识产权优势企业

近年来,金龙精密铜管集团股份有限公司的发展（简称金龙集团）可谓是一路高歌猛进。     

Nickel accumulation and its effect on biomass, protein content and antioxidative enzymes in roots and leaves of watercress （Nasturtium officinale R. Br.）

In order to understand its response towards nickel stress, watercress (Nasturtium o cinale R. Br.) was exposed to nickel (1–25 mg/L) for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. The accumulation and translocation of nickel were determined and the influence of nickel on biomass, protein content and enzymatic antioxidants was examined for both roots and leaves. It was determined that N. o cinale could accumulate appreciable amounts of Ni in both roots and leaves. Nickel accumulated particularly in the roots of plants. Biomass increased at low nickel concentrations but certain measurable change was not found at high concentrations. Under stress conditions the antioxidant enzymes were up-regulated compared to control. An increase in protein content and enzyme activities was observed at moderate exposure conditions followed by a decline at both roots and leaves. The maximum enzyme activities were observed at di erent exposure conditions. Our results showed that N. o cinale had the capacity to overcome nickel-induced stress especially at moderate nickel exposure. Therefore, N. o cinale may be used as a phytoremediator in moderately polluted aquatic ecosystems.     

Modified accumulation of selected heavy metals in Bt transgenic rice

Safety assessment of genetically modified crops generally does not take into account the potential hazard of altered patterns of heavy metal accumulation in plants. A pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the impact of heavy metal amendments on the accumulation of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in a Bt transgenic rice Ke-Ming-Dao (KMD) and its wild-type Xiushui 11 (Xs11). In control soils, significant di erence was only found in contents of Cu (p < 0.01) and Pb (p < 0.05) in straw between KMD and Xs11. At three levels of Cd amendments (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg), the Cd contents in grain and straw of KMD were significantly higher than those of Xs11, and all grain Cd contents were significantly higher than the International Criteria (0.2–0.4 mg/kg) as specified by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC). These results implied that it may be unsafe for growing Bt transgenic rice in heavily Cd-polluted areas. No significant di erence in Zn was found between the two varieties with the exception of roots at Zn amendment level of 600 mg/kg, while Pb contents in KMD were much higher in the straw at the lead amendment level of 1000 mg/kg and in the root at 250 mg Pb/kg. Data on the heavy metal accumulation patterns for the genetically modified rice may be used for the selection of growing areas as well as for plant residue management for Bt rice.     

Effect of external and internal phosphate status on arsenic toxicity and accumulation in rice seedlings

Phosphorus (P) deficiency is thought to exacerbate the arsenic (As) phytotoxicity in paddy rice. The experiments were conducted to investigate the e ects of external phosphate supply on As accumulation in rice and its toxicity under phosphate deficiency conditions. Rice seedlings pretreated with a phosphorus deficient nutrient solution (–P) for 14 d accumulated more As than those pretreated with a normal phosphorus supply nutrient solution (+P). Rice protreated with –P showed As toxicity symptoms after being exposed to 50 mol/L arsenate for 4 h, while +P rice did not show any toxicity symptoms. Arsenic toxicity symptoms can be alleviated by increasing external P concentrations. The arsenate uptake rate and accumulation corresponded with the As toxicity in rice plants. Arsenic concentrations in rice roots decreased with increasing external phosphate concentrations. The lowest As accumulation and the highest P accumulation were found when the external P concentration reached 100 mol/L. In short, P deficiency increased the sensitivity of rice to arsenate and increasing of external phosphate supply could alleviate As toxicity.     

硝酸盐对短程反硝化过程中亚硝酸盐积累影响

该文以乙酸钠为碳源,通过批次试验探究短程反硝化过程中硝酸盐对亚硝酸盐积累的影响。试验结果表明在不同的C/N比条件下,NO_2~--N均能出现积累,C/N较低(0.8～2.4)的情况下系统中出现NO_3~--N与NO_2~--N共存情况;当C/N为3.2～8.0时,随着反应进行NO_2~--N的量有所损耗,表明C/N比过高不利于NO_2~--N的积累;C/N比会影响NO_2~--N的积累速率,但对转化率影响不大。当起始系统中只有NO_3~--N时,NO_3~--N→NO_2~--N反应速率高于NO_2~--N→N_2的反应速率;随着初始NO_3~--N浓度(20～150 mg/L)增加,NO_2~--N积累速率加快。向只有NO_2~--N的反应系统中添加当NO_3~--N,一直被还原的NO_2~--N开始出现积累,表明系统中存在NO_3~--N时,对NO_2~--N→N_2发生可能存在抑制作用。初始系统中同时存在NO_3~--N和NO_2~--N时,NO_3~--N还原速率高于NO_2~--N的还原速率;当NO_3~--N消耗完全之后,NO_2~--N的还原速率高于血清瓶有NO_3~--N存在时的还原速率;随着NO_3~--N/NO_2~--N的比值的增加,NO_3~--N的还原速率和NO_2~--N的积累速率加大。该研究可为短程反硝化厌氧氨氧化耦合工艺处理含氮污水提供一定的理论依据。     

不同暴露条件下克氏原螯虾组织中砷的积累与转化

砷（As）可在水生食物链中积累转化,并通过食物链影响人体健康.克氏原螯虾（Procambarusclarkii）是一种生活在淡水底层的杂食性动物,能够从水和食物中吸收和转化无机砷.本研究探究了砷酸盐As(Ⅴ)在3种不同的暴露条件下（水相、食物相、水相与食物相）,克氏原螯虾不同组织中As(Ⅴ)的生物积累和转化.结果表明,其在水-食物两相体系中的砷积累浓度较高,而且水相暴露体系对总砷积累速率的贡献大于食物相暴露体系.砷在克氏原螯虾不同组织中的积累和转化具有显著的特异性,其富集浓度和积累速率如下：鳃>外壳>肌肉.克氏原螯虾对无机砷的生物转化途径是将部分As(Ⅴ)还原为As（Ⅲ）,部分转化为一甲基砷酸（MMA）、二甲基砷酸（DMA）和砷甜菜碱（AsB）.本文对了解底栖生物链中砷的积累和转化以及小龙虾的食用安全具有重要意义.     

藻菌固定化在畜禽养殖废水深度处理中的参数优化

以模拟废水为研究对象,基于藻菌包埋固定化在畜禽养殖废水处理中的处理效果和微生物生长情况,来优化藻菌固定化小球的制备条件和试验参数。以固定化小球强度、微生物生长情况、污染物去除效果为考察指标,通过正交试验,采用多指标全概率分析法和SPSS软件分析,确定藻菌固定化的优选参数组合:海藻酸钠（SA）、氯化钙（CaCl₂）浓度及固定化时间。然后,运用Design-Expert 10软件设计响应曲面实验,对相关实验参数做进一步优化。实验结果表明:正交实验得到的一组优选参数为SA浓度3%、CaCl₂浓度1%、固定化时间12 h;最终通过响应曲面法进一步优化得到最优参数为SA浓度4%、CaCl₂浓度0.5%、固定化时间6 h,在此最优参数条件下固定化小球强度、微藻生长速率、TN去除率分别达到-13.58%、 0.193、 89.55%。     

临沂水源地水库沉积物重金属分布、来源及生态风险评价

水源地沉积物重金属对生态环境和供水具有极大的潜在危害,一直是水资源保护研究中的热点科学问题.本研究选取临沂市3个水源地水库开展8种重金属(Cr、Cu、Cd、Ni、Pb、Zn、As和T1)的监测和研究,分析其污染及空间分布特征,利用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法开展污染状况评价,并利用主成分分析法(PCA)和相关分析法对沉积物重金属进行源解析.结果 表明:3个水库沉积物重金属Cr、Zn和Pb均严重超过山东省土壤环境背景值;云蒙湖Cd轻度超标;许家崖水库沉积物重金属Cu严重超标.地积累指数法与内梅罗综合指数法评估结果显示,3大水库Zn为中度污染,云蒙湖Pb为偏中度污染,其余重金属无污染或污染较轻.生态风险指数法(RI)评估结果显示,跋山水库、云蒙湖、许家崖水库总体的RI平均值分别为52.05、59.75、61.92,三大水库均处于低度风险水平.统计分析表明研究区域沉积物中重金属主要来自自然源(36.5％)、农业生产(26.1％)、水产养殖(13.7％).