电梯导轨尺寸偏差对电梯运行质量的影响

电梯导轨作为电梯导向系统的主要部件,用于轿厢和对重垂直运行的导向。同时可以限制轿厢和对重在水平方向的位移,并防止轿厢因偏载而产生倾斜。在安全钳动作的时候,导轨作为支撑部件吸收轿厢或对重的动能,使轿厢或对重制停在导轨上。     

盐分梯度驱动含水层胶体释放过程中的孔隙尺寸排阻效应研究

滨海含水层中地下水流动、胶体与溶质的协同运移具有复杂性,而含水层孔隙结构中胶体运移所诱发的孔隙尺寸排阻(size exclusion)效应对整体运移过程影响深远.本研究采用长江口砂质含水层,基于土柱渗透试验,分析盐分梯度驱动胶体运移的过程,利用Hydrus-1D和Acualntrusion Transport对溶质运移的穿透过程进行数值模拟并获取溶质运移参数,以探究胶体释放诱发的孔隙尺寸排阻效应与盐分梯度之间的响应关系,揭示孔隙排阻效应与含水层相关水文地质参数的响应机制.结果表明,海水入侵使地下水离子强度增大,同时抑制胶体释放;反之,淡水驱替时则促进胶体的释放.胶体释放峰值及总量与该过程的盐分梯度呈正相关,当0.5%～1.5%的NaCl溶液被淡水洗脱的过程中,胶体浓度穿透曲线的零阶时间矩从77.79 mg增至220.52 mg,释放峰值从209.7μg·mL^-1增至688.5μg·mL^-1,释放量显著增大.数据表明在胶体颗粒释放后,介质孔隙结构改变,所释放的带负电胶体颗粒与固体基质表面的静电斥力诱发了尺寸排阻效应,使胶体颗粒选择性地通过部分孔...     

提高安全带缝合部位强度研究

安全带的型式结构多样，受力方式也不相同，但织带与金属部件、织带与织带之间的连接强度，直接关系着安全带的使用安全。这些部位通过缝合方式固定连接，影响缝合部位强度的因素很多，包括织带与缝线的强度、延伸率、缝合方式以及缝合尺寸参数等。为研究缝合方式与缝合尺寸参数和缝合部位强度之间的关系，我们在研究分析国外不同安全带材质及缝合方式的基础上，选用锦纶织带（宽度45mm，厚度2．8mm，破断强度23000N）和缝线（3#防灼锦丝线），设计了两种不同试验方式．选用了不同缝合方式与缝合尺寸，研究分析它们对织带的破坏程度，以及如何提高安全带缝合部位的强度。在此基础上，开发了新型消防安全腰带和消防安全吊带，其性能达到了标准GA494—2004《消防用防坠落装备》的要求。     

最小尺寸的咖啡环效应可用于生物检测

将咖啡溅在桌上时,稍稍留心液体蒸发后咖啡液滴留下的印记,你会发现,液滴边缘位置形成了一个比中间区域颜色要深得多的暗环,这意味着在边缘位置沉积的咖啡小颗粒浓度比中间区域的浓度要高得多。这种不均匀沉积的现象被称作咖啡环效应。     

服役态Super304H耐热钢管显微组织演变及高温力学性能研究

目的 探究服役Super304H钢管外壁粗晶组织演变及其对高温力学性能的影响,为超超临界机组运行管理与安全评估提供技术支持。方法 针对不同服役时间的Super304H耐热钢管,开展显微组织演变及650 ℃高温拉伸力学性能研究,着重探讨钢管外壁奥氏体晶粒异常长大、第二相析出长大及其对钢管高温力学性能的影响规律。结果 服役态Super304H钢管中的第二相以富铜相、MX相及M23C6相为主,其外壁奥氏体晶粒异常长大,形成粗晶区,而靠近内壁钢管中的奥氏体晶粒长大不明显,为细晶区。相对于细晶区,粗晶区奥氏体晶界及晶内析出更多的第二相,尺寸更大,弥散度降低,导致粗晶区高温拉伸性能显著降低。结论 长期高温运行的Super304H耐热钢管应加强监督,消除因外壁奥氏体晶粒异常长大而带来的胀管等安全隐患。     

Effects of ozonation and coagulation on effluent organic matter characteristics and ultrafiltration membrane fouling

Effluent organic matter （EfOM） is the major cause of fouling in the low pressure membranes process for wastewater reuse. Coagulation and oxidation of biological wastewater treatment effluent have been applied for the fouling control of microfiltration membranes. However, the change in EfOM structure by pre-treatments has not been clearly identified. The changes of EfOM characteristics induced by coagulation and ozonation were investigated through size exclusion chromatography, UV/Vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectrophotometry and titrimetric analysis to identify the mechanisms in the reduction of ultrafiltration （UF） membrane fouling. The results indicated that reduction of flux decline by coagulation was due to modified characteristics of dissolved organic carbon （DOC） content. Total concentration of DOC was not reduced by ozonation. However, the mass fraction of the molecules with molecular weight larger than 5 kDa, fluorescence intensity, aromaticity, highly condensed chromophores, average molecular weight and soluble microbial byproducts decreased greatly after ozonation. These results indicated that EfOM was partially oxidized by ozonation to low molecular weight, highly charged compounds with abundant electron- withdrawing functional groups, which are favourable for alleviating UF membrane flux decline.     

基于 Visio 绘图仿真的装甲车辆限制路尺寸设置

目的科学设置装甲车辆驾驶考核限制路尺寸。方法采用Visio绘图工具,对装甲车辆车体、运动状态、道路进行模拟仿真,根据装甲车辆行驶性能参数,测算不同限制路尺寸的理论值。结果通过仿真测算,某新型装甲车辆通过的五杆弯道限制路理论最小总长为42 m,理论最小入口宽为4 m,实际尺寸初始值设置为总长50 m,入口宽为4.5 m。结论采用Visio绘图仿真的方法能够科学准确地进行装甲车辆限制路尺寸设置,为新型装甲车辆限制路尺寸设置提供有效的数据支撑。     

Characterization of dissolved organic matter fractions from Lake Hongfeng, Southwestern China Plateau

With XAD-series and ion exchange resins, dissolved organic matter (DOM) from Lake Hongfeng in Southwestern China Plateau was isolated into 6 fractions, i.e., humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA), hydrophobic neutrals (HON), hydrophilic acids (HIA), hydrophilic bases (HIB) and hydrophilic neutrals (HIN). Those fractions were characterized by high performance size exclusion chromatography, fluorescence spectroscopy and UV absorbance. Among the 6 fractions, FA was predominant and accounted for 51% of the total DOM. The weight-average (M_w) and number-averaged (M_n) molecular weight of these fractions ranged from 1688 to 2355 Da and from 1338 to 1928 Da, respectively. A strong correlation was observed between specific UV absorbance at 280 nm, E₂/E₃ (absorbance at 250 nm to 365 nm), and the molecular weight for DOM fractions. UV-Vis fulvic-like fluorescence peaks were found in all fractions. Protein-like fluorescence peaks existed in HON may indicate that microbial activity was severely in Lake Hongfeng. There was a significant relationship between fluorescence intensities and specific UV absorbance at 254 nm for those DOM fractions, suggesting their similar luminescence characteristics. The values of fluorescence index (f_450/500) indicated that hydrophobic fractions may derive from terrestrial sources, and the hydrophilic fractions from microbial and terrestrial origins. Those results suggest that there were inter-relationships between molecular weight, fluorescence and absorbance characteristics, and also subtle consistencies between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and the sources for these 6 fractions from Lake Hongfeng.     

模拟废水高温厌氧消化出水中SMP的特性研究

为考察废水高温厌氧消化出水中溶解性微生物产物(SMP)的特性,采用高温厌氧序批式反应器处理葡萄糖模拟废水,运用尺寸排除色谱(SEC)分离厌氧消化出水溶解性有机物(DOM),结合溶解性有机碳(DOC)、UV254吸光度和三维荧光光谱分析方法,对不同分离组分进行了定性和定量研究.结果表明,SMP在出水DOM(356mg/L,以DOC计)中占90.8%,其在高分子量(MW)(10k~100kDa)、中等MW(1k~10kDa)和低MW(<1kDa)内的含量分别为46.8%、45.4%和7.8%.高MW内的SMP比中等、低MW内的SMP有更高的芳香度.废水高温厌氧消化出水中SMP的荧光物质以高的酪氨酸类物质含量,低的富里酸和腐殖酸类物质含量为主要特征.低MW区域的SMP主要包括酪氨酸类物质,而富里酸和腐殖酸类物质主要集中于中等MW区域,色氨酸类和微生物副产物类物质在各MW区域内均有分布.高、中等MW区域(不含630Da相似文献