辽东湾海水中甾体雌激素的检测及生态风险评价

建立了SPE-丹酰化衍生-UPLC-MS/MS海水中雌激素的高灵敏度分析方法,对辽东湾海水中甾体雌激素的浓度水平及分布进行了调查并对其潜在的生态风险进行了评估.结果表明:辽东湾海水样品中检出雌酮,17β-雌二醇,17α-雌二醇,雌三醇和17α-乙炔基雌二醇的浓度分别为(0.714±0.407),(0.089±0.077),(0.009±0.011),(0.008±0.008),(0.001±0.003)ng/L.雌激素浓度在大辽河入海口区域最高,双台子河入海口次之,大凌河及小凌河入海口区域最低.辽东湾海水中的17β-雌二醇等当量浓度(EEQ-E2β)为0.562±0.327ng/L,导致野生梭鱼雌雄同体发生的概率约为0.83%,不足以解释该海域野生梭鱼雌雄同体的高发生率.为了有效管理该海域的环境安全,有必要对原因物质进行进一步解析.     

Estrogen-related receptor disruption of source water and drinking water treatment processes extracts

Environmental chemicals in drinking water can impact human health through nuclear receptors. Additionally, estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) are vulnerable to endocrine-disrupting e ects. To date, however, ERR disruption of drinking water potency has not been reported. We used ERR two-hybrid yeast assay to screen ERR disrupting activities in a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) located in north China and in source water from a reservoir, focusing on agonistic, antagonistic, and inverse agonistic activity to 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT). Water treatment processes in the DWTP consisted of pre-chlorination, coagulation, coal and sand filtration, activated carbon filtration, and secondary chlorination processes. Samples were extracted by solid phase extraction. Results showed that ERR antagonistic activities were found in all sample extracts, but agonistic and inverse agonistic activity to 4-OHT was not found. When calibrated with the toxic equivalent of 4-OHT, antagonistic e uent e ects ranged from 3.4 to 33.1 g/L. In the treatment processes, secondary chlorination was e ective in removing ERR antagonists, but the coagulation process led to significantly increased ERR antagonistic activity. The drinking water treatment processes removed 73.5% of ERR antagonists. To our knowledge, the occurrence of ERR disruption activities on source and drinking water in vitro had not been reported previously. It is vital, therefore, to increase our understanding of ERR disrupting activities in drinking water.     

Estrogenic effects of water from the Yangtze River （Nanjing section） on goldfish （Carassius auratus） after an early life stage exposure

Effects of river water from the Yangtze River (Nanjing section) on fish development, vitellogenin (VTG) induction, gonado-somatic index (GSI) and sex ratio were investigated by exposing goldfish (Carassius auratus) in the early life stage (from fertilization to 28 days post-hatch) to water samples (25%, 50% and 100%) collected from three representative sections. The results showed that there was no significant effect on hatching success for any of the exposure groups, but survival was significantly reduced when compared with the control (P < 0.05). Body lengths, weights of all treated fish did not differ significantly from those of the control. Condition factors (CF) of larval fish exposed to 50% and 100% river water from the Jiangxinzhou section and 100% river water from the Daqiao section were significantly lower than that of the control (P< 0.05). VTG inductions were significant in larval fish exposed to all the dilution series of river water. No significant difference in CF value was observed in any exposure group after 150 days of depuration. VTG was fully eliminated after 75 days of depuration. For both female and male, GSI did not significantly differ between exposure groups and the control after 150 days of convalescence. The highest female:male ratios were observed in response to the treatment with 50% or 100% river water from the Jiangxinzhou section and 100% river water from the Daqiao section (53:47, 56:44 and 54:46, respectively), but no significant difference in sex ratio was observed in any treated group when compared to the control. The results showed that early life stage exposure of river water from the Yangtze River (Nanjing section) had adverse effects on goldfish development and reproductive health, and the effects on CF and VTG were reversible after depuration in clean water.     

二氧化锰氧化降解乙炔基雌二醇的动力学研究

研究了化学合成的新生态δ-MnO2对乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)的氧化降解动力学,并且考察了δ-MnO2投加重、EE2初始浓度、初始pH值等因素对EE2降解动力学的影响.结果表明:EE2对新生态水合δ-MnO2的氧化作用具有较强的反应感受性,且在pH值一定和δ-MnO2充分过量的条件下,EE2氧化降解的反应动力学并不是简单的...     

AO与AAO工艺去除雌激素效能对比及分析

为探讨不同污水处理工艺对雌激素类有机物的处理效能,本研究设计并同时运行了AO和AAO两种污水处理工艺,在稳定运行条件下,比较了两种工艺对各种常规水质指标和雌激素的去除状况.试验结果表明,AAO系统对污染物去除效能明显优于AO系统.AAO对COD、TN、NH4+-N、TP及TOC的去除效能分别比AO高出7.55%、20....     

青鳉鱼ERRα的克隆、序列分析、组织表达及其对不同EDCs暴露的响应

内分泌干扰物质(EDCs)可以通过多种通道影响鱼类的生长、发育和繁殖,而雌激素相关受体(ERR)是一类目前没有引起足够重视的潜在致毒信号通道.本研究克隆了青鳉鱼(Oryzias latipes)ERRα mRNA全序列,并通过实时定量RT-PCR方法对其在不同组织中的表达和不同EDCs暴露下的响应进行了分析.发现青鳉鱼ERRα与其它脊椎动物ERRα氨基酸序列有较高的同源性,特别是DNA结合结构域(DBD)在从鱼类到哺乳类动物的进化过程中高度保守,配体结合结构域(LBD)序列与哺乳动物的LBD有66.4%～67.0%的序列相同.青鳉鱼ERRα与青鳉鱼雌激素受体ERα、ERβ和雄激素受体ARα、Aβ的DBD氨基酸数相同,且有较高序列相似性,但LBD的长度和序列差异较大.青鳉鱼ERRα基因有5个外显子组成,位于第14号染色体.青鳉鱼ERRα基因在各组织中广泛表达,其中在性腺、脑、脾脏、眼和肠中表达较高,且在雌雄性腺中差异表达,表明其在雌雄性别分化和性腺发育中发挥调控作用.暴露200 ng/L炔雌醇(EE2)、200 ng/L雌酮(E1)、200 ng/L己烯雌酚(DES)、100 μg/L阿特拉津(AT)和200 ng/L二醇(E2)后,青鳉鱼精巢中ERRα mRNA水平分别显著下降至对照组的0.54、0.56、0.61、0.63和0.65倍(P<0.05),但暴露1 μg/L三丁基锡和1μg/L:"苯基锡后上升至对照组的1.34和1.35倍(P>0.05),表明ERRα可能参与外源EDCs影响鱼类性别分化和性腺发育的过程.此外,在青鳉鱼ERRα基因上游没有发现类似哺乳动物ERRα基因上游的类固醇激素反应元件半位点,说明鱼类ERRα基因的调控模式与哺乳类存在差异.     

羟基多溴联苯醚(OH-PBDEs)小鼠肝脏微粒体体外代谢及对雌激素代谢的影响研究

羟基化多溴联苯醚(OH-PBDEs)是一类具有内分泌干扰效应的酚类化合物,以小鼠肝脏微粒体作为研究对象,考察了OH-PBDEs的体外代谢行为及对雌激素代谢的影响。研究结果发现,4种OH-PBDE均能够代谢,其代谢率大小为6-OH-BDE-996’-OH-BDE-996-OH-BDE-1375’-OH-BDE-99,表明羟基官能团(-OH)与醚键及溴原子处于邻位时,表现出较高的代谢率; 4种OH-PBDE对3种天然雌激素包括雌酮(E1)、17β-雌二醇(E2)、雌三醇(E3)的代谢表现出不同作用,整体来说,对E1和E2代谢随着OH-PBDE浓度的增加抑制作用逐渐增强,对E3代谢则表现出促进作用,但是对人工合成的雌激素17α-炔雌醇(EE2)无明显影响;对E2代谢产物2-羟基雌二醇(2-OH-E2)的生成量定量表征表明,除6-OH-BDE-99促进了2-OH-E2的生成量,其余3种OH-PBDE随实验添加浓度的增加,抑制了2-OH-E2的生成量,这可能与酶介导的不同代谢机制有关。     

指示水生生态系统环境雌激素暴露的多种生物标志物的选择

废水中复杂的成分及其复杂的作用机制和外界的种种不确定性因素为水生生态系统中环境雌激素的风险研究造成了困难.文章介绍了用于指示环境雌激素污染的主要生物标志物以及与不同环境雌激素相应的生物转化酶,阐述了卵黄蛋白原、精子DNA损伤、细胞色素P450、谷胱甘酞S-转移酶及黄素单加氧酶等的生物化学响应原理、应用范围以及国内外最新研究进展.针对真实环境的雌激素复合污染现状,筛选一系列互补、敏感、准确、高效的生物标志物,研究它们的变化规律及其相互关系将有利于揭示环境雌激素的致毒机理,并在污染环境早期诊断和生态风险评价中发挥重要作用.     

非洲爪蟾肝细胞原代培养方法

非洲爪蟾是研究内分泌干扰物的良好模型动物,其体外肝细胞可用于类雌激素活性评价、污染物代谢等研究.论文探讨了非洲爪蟾肝细胞原代培养的方法,采用两步原位灌注法分离非洲爪蟾肝细胞,通过胶原酶的作用使细胞之间解离,后经过一系列转速的离心,获得纯化的肝实质细胞.研究结果表明,采用此法获得的细胞数量为2.5～5×106个,细胞成活率达95%以上,纯度在95%以上,细胞胞体透亮,折光性强,状态良好.培养24h后贴壁较好,每2d换液1次,可培养8～10d,细胞可满足多种后续实验的要求.     

不同水体中环境类雌激素污染状况调查与分析

对80个不同水体样品进行了环境雌激素检测,共有42个样品为阳性(阳性率52.5%),阳性样品主要来自于医疗废水、市政排污口、污水处理厂及与工业污染源废水,水源水中未检出。42个阳性样品检测值均超过EPA标准规定的壬基酚4 d平均浓度限值(6.6μg/L),其中12个样品检测值超过了该标准中规定的壬基酚小时平均浓度限值(28μg/L)。